IMAGE  EVALUATION 
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Photographic 

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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(  716)  872-4503 


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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  canadien  de  microreproductions  historiques 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
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which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


/ 


Coloured  covers/ 


^    Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagde 


□    Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaurde  et/ou  pellicul6e 


D 


D 
D 
D 

n 


D 


Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 


I      I    Coloured  maps/ 


Cartes  gdographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relid  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serr^e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intdrieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout^es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  6tait  possible,  ces  pages  n'onf 
pas  dt6  filmdes. 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  lui  a  6t6  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-dtre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  m^thode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquds  ci-dessous. 


I      I    Coloured  pages/ 


D 


Pages  de  couleur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag6es 


I      I    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 


Pages  restaurdes  et/ou  pellicul6es 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  d6color6es,  tachetdes  ou  piqudes 


□    Pages  detached/ 
Pages  dStachdes 


D 
D 


Showthrough/ 
Transparence 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 


Quality  in^gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  material/ 
Comprend  du  matdriel  supplementaire 


Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 

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obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
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obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


□ 


Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppldmentaires; 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmd  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu6  ci-dessous. 


10X 

14X 

18X 

22X 

26X 

SOX 

_y 

12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


aax 


ails 

du 

difier 

jne 

lage 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanks 
to  the  generosity  of: 

National  Library  of  Canada 


The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  keeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


L'exemplaire  fiimd  fut  reproduit  grSce  d  la 
gdn6ro8it6  de: 

Bibiiothdque  nationale  du  Canada 


Les  images  suivantes  ont  6t6  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nettet6  de  l'exemplaire  f\\m6.  et  en 
conformity  avcc  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmage. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  back  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ^^- (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED "),  or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 


Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimde  sont  film6s  en  commen^ant 
par  te  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
dernidro  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  selon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  filmds  en  commenpant  par  la 
premidre  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  dernidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
dernidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — »-  signifie  "A  SUIVRE",  le 
symbole  V  signifie  "FIN". 


Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  dtre 
film6s  d  des  taux  de  reduction  diffdrents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  dtre 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich6,  il  est  filmd  d  partir 
de  Tangle  supdrieur  gauche,  de  gauche  d  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  ndcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


rata 

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IN     THE 


CITY  OF  ST.  JOHN,  DOMINION  OF  CANADA, . 
4th  July,  1883, 

BY 

GEN.  JOHN    WATTS  de  PEYSTER,    LL.I).,  A.M. 

BKRV.    MAJ.-GBN.,  S.  N.   V. 

HONORARY  MEMBER  N.  B.  (S,  J, (  H.  S. 


!•  • 


CHARLES  H.  Ll'KWUi,  PRINTKK.  10  *   Vi  READE  STREET. 


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4 


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•     I  1 


-iijidt  of  '^^iiblicatioiio. 


.lOlIX  WATTS  i)K  PEYSTER,  LL.I).,  A.M. 


Brkv.  Major-Oknku*!,.  S.  N.  v..  4$:c..  *<•  ,  Ac. 


AllTlloll  OP 

ItRi'oKTs— IhI.  On  the  Orsiniilzatioiii'  of  tlii'  Nntioiml  Oiinrdu  niul  Municipal  Military  InKtliiitidtis  nf 
Kiirnpe.  ami  the  Artillery  and  Arnm  lu'i-t  adaptcfl  lo  tlio  State  Service,  iKi'i.  (Uc|iriiitp(l  by  order 
of  the  N.  Y.  Stall' LcKixlatiirc.  Senate  Docunii'iits,  No.  74,  March  2t!.  1853.)  M.  Organizations  of 
the  Knglii'h  and  SwisH  Militia,  the  French.  SwIhh,  and  PrusHlan  Kire  Departmentn.  Snggestioii>< 
for  the  Organization  of  the  N.  V.  Militia.  Ac.  IS.53. 
I,ifeof  (the  Swedish  Field  Marshal )  Leonaril  TorsteiiHon  (  rewarded  with  tiiree  r<plendi(l  Sihei-  MeilnU. 

Ac,  by  H.  n.  M.  Oscar  I.,  King  of  Sweden  i.     IRW.— Kulojry  of  TorKtcngon.  1S7','. 
The  Dutch  at  the  North  Pole,  and  the  Diitdi  in  Maine.     18.")7. 
Appendix  to  the  Dutch  at  the  Nortii  Pole.  Ac.     18.".K. 
Ho.  for  the  North  Pole  !     1800.— The  Untch  Battle  of  the  Baltic.     1858. 
I'lie  Invincible  Armada.    (Series.)    IWiO.— E.xampleo  of  Intrepidity.  a»  lllu§lrated  l>y  the  Kxploiis  ,iiid 

Deaths  of  the  Dutch  Admirals.    (Serien.>    1H(K)-1.    Military  Gazette 
Gemsfroni  Dnich  HlHtory.    i  Series,  i    1855. 

r'arausliiK.  the  Dutch  AuKiistUH.  and  Kinpeior  of  Britain  and  the  Menap:l.     IS.W. 
The  Ancient,  Medieval,  and  Modern  Netherlanders.     18.")9. 
Address  to  the  Ofticerf  of  the  New  York  Stale  Troops.    18.S8. 
liife  of  T.ieut.-Cien.  ( fanmns  "Diit<h  Vaulmn"— styled   tlio  "Prince  of  Kngineor!'''!   Menno.   Baron 

Coliorn.    I  Scries. I-  ISft).— Military  Lessons.    (Scries.)    1801-3.— Winter  Caini)aigtiK.    IHOa. 
I'ractical  Strategy,  as  illustrated  by  the  l^ife  and  Achievements  of  a  Master  of  the  Art,  the  Austrian 
Field  Marshal.  Triinn.     IStH.— Personal   and  Military   History  of    MajocOenerai  Philip  Kearny, 
512  pp.  8vo.    ISU'.t.— Secession  in  Swll/erland  and  the  Xlniled  States  compared  ;  being  the  Annual 
Address,  delivered  «)th  October,  1803.  before  the  Vermont  State  Historical  Society,  In  the  Ilnll  of 
Representatives.  Capitol.  Montpeller.     1H04. 
Incidents  connected  with  the  War  in  Italy.    (Series.)    IH.^i). 
Mortality  among  Generals.    (Series)    IKill.— The  Battle  of  KIngV  Mountain.    (Series.)     1801-i.  1K8II. 

Oiiskany.  18rH— Monmonth,  187H— Rhode  Island,  1HT8. 
Facts  or  Idea."  liirtispensiible  to  the  Comprelienhion  of  War  ;  Notions  on  Strategy  and  Tactics.     iKiil-J. 
F.clalreuv.   Maiiiiry  .lonrnal,    il^dited.i    185-l-H.— In  Menioriam.    (Edited.)    1st,   IS-W ;    ad,   isii.'. 
The  Bible  in  i'risfiii.    1H.W.-A  Discourse  on  the  Tendency  of  High  Cliiirch  Doctrines.    IS.V1. 
A  N'ight  with  <  billies  Ml.  of  Sweden.    A  Nice  Yonng  Man.     Parlor  Dramas.     1800-1. 
.\culco.  Orislxiiiiy,  iintl  Miscellaneous  I'oents.     IKliO. 
(ienealogical  Itrferences  ul Old  (.'oloniai  Fiiuillies.  Ac.     IN.'il. 

Biographical  Notices  of  the  de  Peyster  Family,  in  connection  with  the  Col(mlal  History  of  New  Voil<. 
1801.— Biogru|,hies  of  the  Watts,  de  I'eyster,  Reade,  and  l.eake  Families,  in  connection  with 
Trinity  Cbnrebyiiril.  IHiij. -Local  Mtnnorials  relating  to  tlie  de  Peyster  and  Watts,  and  attiliated 
families.  KSl. 
Artici.ks  published  in  ViiitKt  Sfnio  Muf/azlne  i  equal  in  matter  to  l^nio.  volumes)  :  Torslenson  and 
the  Buttle  of  .Janiknii.  July.  IHTii ;  .loshiia  and  the  Battle  of  B((th-horon— Did  the  Sun  and  Moon 
stand  still  >  Fel)riiBry,  m,S(i;  Ilunnibal.  ,Tnly.  \m\:  Qustavus  Adolphns.  Sept.,  1880;  Cavalry, 
_  1.,  Sept.,  1880  ;  Cavalry.  II..  Nov ..  iwo  ;  <  iivaliy,  III.  Dec.  1880  ;  Army  Catastrophes-Destruc- 
tion of  Pharaoli  and  hi.^  host  :  how  lucomplislied,  Ac  ,  &v.    February.  1881.-Haiinll)aPB  Anny  of 


KCoiiHiiiiii/  i/ii  lliiril  fxiiji-  nf  cni.-r.) 


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Mr.    rUKSIDKNT,    Mk.MIIKKS    ()1      IIIK    N  K\V     liui  N>\VUK    UlSTdRI- 
CAl.     SOCIKTV     IN       TIIK    (JTV     dl      Si'.    JoU.N,    I-.\I)IKS    AND 

Gknti.e.men  : 

To  a  man  l)iouglu  up  as  it  were  at  the  feet  of  the  (iainalicl 
of  hiyalty,  and  laiii;ht  to  belie\e  tliat  the  American  Revo- 
lution was  an  unnecessary  evil,  and  that  Independence  was 
"log-rolled"  into  an  accomplished  fact,  and  converted  by  inter- 
ested parties  from  a  menace  into  a  ma(  hine — to  such  an  one  it  is 
very  pleasant  to  meet  with  descendants  of  honored  men  who 
tiiought,  and  wrought,  and  fought,  shoulder  to  shoulder  in  the 
desperate  defense  of  a  government  under  which  they  had  thriven 
and  were  happy — a  government  which  certainly  had  rewarded 
my  and  many  of  our  people  for  services  rendered  to  it,  by  ihem, 
previous  to  the  Revolution.* 

The  success  of  the  American  Revolution,  which  added  so 
many  illustrious  men  to  Canada,  could  not  have  been  brouglu 
about  if  similar  causes  had  not  operated  to  the  same  result  but 
from  opposite  directions.     The  selfish  interests  of  a  portion  of 


*  The  woitliy  I'residen'  of  llic  Now  liiunswick  Historical  Society,  Mr. 
|.  W.  Lawrence,  was  rigiit  in  lii^  slunly  opposition  to  the  Confederation  of 
tile  Provinces,  just  as  tliose  were  who,  true  to  the  interests  of  the  autlior's 
native  State,  New  N'ork,  opposed  tlic  C'onfeileralion  of  the  Tiiirteen  Coh)nies, 
which  was  carried  with  even  iiss  uiianiinily  or  fairness,  as  rei;arde(l  the 
"  Km|iirc  Stale,"  than  tin-  ilcclaration  of  liidependcnie. 


» 


•(if 


2 


the  colonists*  on  the  one  side  could  not  have    accomplished  the 
end  so  dire  to  us,  had  they  not  been  helped  by  the  like  incen- 
tives of  professionals  on  the  other.     To  the  latter  was  added  an 
indolence,  or  inertion,  which   seems  incomprehensible.     Blows 
were  not  struck  when  the  first  blow  was  half  the  battle;  leaders 
were  oblivious  of  the  spirit  of  one  of  their  famous  national  songs, 
"  Britons,  Strike  Home!"  victories  were  not  improved,  as  admit- 
ted by  the  best  authorities,  the  colonial  leaders  themselves;  and 
the  loyal  military  element  was  neither  comprehended  nor  fostered, 
utilized  nor  supported.     It  is  a  sad  truth,  but  a  palpable  truth, 
that  the  strength  and  ardor  of  a  loyalty  and  a  devotion  never  ex- 
ceeded, was  frittered  away;  sacrificed  in  the  field,  sacrificed  in 
the  cabinet,  and  finally  abandoned  to  the  tender  mercies  of  a  self- 
ishness and  greed,  for  a  generation  at  least,  that  knew  not  the 
meaning  of  the  term.     It  may  be  very  impolitic  to  speak  thus; 
but  when  a  man  first  contemplates  a  community,  still,  as  it  were, 
autonomous,  and  then  looks  upon  anotlier  in  which  his  birthright 
has  been  almost   swallowed  up  by  tlie  immigration  of  inferior 
races,  lifted  up  by  the  force  of  unprincipled  politicians  and  for 
party  purposes  to  a  plane  for  which  they  are  unfit — under  sucli 
circumstances  impolicy  must  be  disregarded  in  the  feeling  of  the 
independence  described  by  the  poet: 

"Blest  is  Uie  man,  who,  self-content  and  brave, 
Carves  with  ills  (iWN  hand  his  p.athway  to  the  gr.ivc  ; 
And  recking  not  what  others  do  or  say. 
Finds  in  ins  uwn  heart  his  comfort  by  the  way." 


*The  revelations  of  private  memoranda  and  correspondence  known  to 
exist,  would  develop  extraordinary  evidence  as  to  the  motives  and  action  of 
the  patriots— so  styled.  Many  eminent  families  of  loyalist  origin  possess 
such  p.ipers,  but  are  afraid  to  make  them  pul)lic,  for  fear  of  incurring  the 
odium  of  toryism  or  social  ostracism.  The  author  of  this  address  offered  a 
large  sum  of  money  for  a  letter— one  among  many  inherited— which  would 
have  shown  that  one  of  the  "patriot  sires"  exhibited  characteristics  the  re- 
verse of  the  Christian  purity  which,  in  erroneous  public  estimation,  invests 
his  name  with  a  h.ilo  of  semi-sanctity. 


namam 


M|<a»v«lM>M^a 


b^i 


8 

Tlie  loyalists  of  America  simply  lived  up  to  the  spirit  of 
E.  W.  Hazuwell's  stirring  verse: 

"  Here's  to  tlic  flajj  we  follow, 
Here's  to  the  land  we  serve, 
And  here's  to  holy  )ionor. 
That  doth  the  two  preserve." 

and  also  to  the  words  of  inspiration  of  Lowell : 

"Onck  to  ev'ry  man  and  nation  comes  the  moment  to  decide, 
In  the  strife  of  tnitli  with  falsehood  for  the  good  or  evil  side  ; 
'rill'.N  it  is  tile  brave  man  chooses,  while  the  cc>ward  stands  aside, 
Doubting  in  his  abject  spirit  till  his  Lord  is  crucific'" 

and  again,  singing  of"  Loyalty,"  hear  the  same  true  poet: 

"Life  may  be  given  in  many  ways 
And  loyttlly  to  truth  be  sealed 
As  bravely  in  the  closet  as  the  field, 

So  generous  is  Fate  ; 
Hut  then  to  stand  beside  her, 
When  craven  churls  deride  her. 
To  front  a  lie  in  arms,  and  not  to  yield, 
Tliit  shows,  niethinks,  God's  plan 
And  measure  of  a  stalwart  man. 
Limbed  like  the  old  heroic  breeds. 
Who  stands,  self-poised,  on  manhood's  soliil  earth. 
Not  forced  to  frame  excuses  for  his  birth, 
Fed  from  within  with  all  the  strength  he  needs." 

Very  few  people  have  any  idea  of  the  exertions  made  by  the 
loyalists  in  support  of  the  crown.  Sabine  devoted  a  great  deal  of 
time  and  labor  to  the  iiivestigation  of  this  subject,  and  he  demon- 
strates that  there  were  more  regiments  of  volunteers,  Arnericans,  in 
the  British  service,  equal  in  efficiency  to  regulars,  than  there  were 
British  regulars  in  the  field  actively  engaged.  Do  not  misunder- 
stand this  assertion.  There  were  more  regulars  in  the  field  ati(f 
in  garrison;  but  examine  statistics  and  see  whether  the  figures 
will  not  bear  out  the  admission  of  Sabine,  if  it  be  correct — that 
if,  as  he  concedes,  there  were  25,000  loyal  Americans  wearing  the 


British  uniform  and  standin;^  in  Inic  of  l)attlc  beside  the  profes- 
sional soldiers,  then,  indeed,  iiave  loyalists  and    their  descend- 
ants reason  to  he  proud  of  tiie   manly   as*iertion   and  military 
service  of  tiieir  ancestors,     "'riie   total   exceeded   in    number 
the  troops   enlisted    [by    Congress]    to    opi)ose   them."     The 
most  trustworthy   Provincial  regiments  came  from   New  York, 
Xew    Jersey,    Pennsylvania.      New    ICngland    furnished    com- 
paratively  lew.      Tiie  Sovithern   colonies   \)\n  a  number  of  ex- 
cellent battalions  in   the    field.      Colonel    John    Hamilton,   of 
North  Carolina — ■'sucli  is  the  testimony  of  his  foes" — "was  the 
very  crest  of  tory  organization  at  the  South,"  and  ''he  was  en- 
gaged  in  nearly  every  action  in   the   three   Southern   colonies. 
Cilory  to  him  and  his  troops!"     Strange  to  say,  Sabine  mentions 
that  the  whig,  Alexander  "  Hamilton's  own  symjiathies  were  at 
hrst  on  the  ro\al  side,  as  he  himself  admits  in  his  rei)ly  to  Wilkins; 
and  his  biographer  relates  tliat  a  visit  to   Hoston  jthat  pestilent 
hot-bed  of  disaffection]  changed  the  current  of  his  thoughts" — 
I    may   add,   the    whole   course   of   his   life."      Ferguson — cer- 
tainly unsurpassed   in  his  judgment  of  soldiership — chose  New- 
Yorkers   and    Xew   Jerseymen    to    compose    his  famous  flying- 
column,  which  was  nearly  annihilated  at  King's  Mountain.   There 
is  scarcely  a  battlefield  of  note  during  the  last  four  years  of  active 
hostilities  on  which  loyal  American  blood  was  not  i)oured  out  like 
water.    In  many  instances  the  loyalists  fought  with  halters  around 
their  necks.    In  the  Carolinas  they  were  seldom  admittetl  to  fpiar- 
ter  until  the  ( ruel  iflistincts  of  fratricidal  conflict,  and  a  savage 
thirst  tor  vengeance,  iia  1  been  slaked  in  blood.     If  an  individ- 
ual holding  a  comniis^^ioii  from  Congress  actually  gloried  in  hav- 
ing washed  his  hands  in   British  blood  at  Saratoga,  how  much 
more  bitter  was  the  feeling  dis|)layed  toward  Provincials  every- 
where, but  especially  at  the  South. 

Fierce,  however,  as  was  the  code  ai)plied  to  the  loyalists,  still 


Cicrccr  was  tlic  codf  applied  lo  the  poor  wrctc  h  (iialtcil.c  riinpcil.or 
inveigled  into  the  ("ontinental  army.  The  terrible  I'rederician  sys- 
tem was,  under  relative  circiiinstances,  not  more  severe.  'I'he  lash 
was  api)lied  unsparingly,  and  Lee,  a  truly  gallant  man — who  lo.st 
his  life  through  the  blind  fury  of  a  niol) — to  put  a  stop  to  desertion, 
resorted  to  ultra-heroic  treatment  ♦  He  cut  off  the  head  of  a  de- 
serter and  sent  the  gory  testimony  of  his  disciplinary  remedy  to 
Washington,  who  deprecated  the  course  jjursued,  not,  perhaps,  so 
much  on  the  score  of  pity  or  jjolicy,  but  because,  dou'otless,  it 
might  scare  off  volunteers  or  arouse  the  prejudices  of  the  enthusi- 
asts or  humanitarians  to  whom,  everywhere,  rebellion  had  to  look 
for  support. 

These  remarks  are  not  iikkIc  to  keep  alive  a  desire  for  retalia- 
tion, but  to  show  how  tile  loyalists  sulTered.     St  jdman,  the  his- 


*  "  Without  rcpard  to  the  <[iiostioii  of  tiie  soldier's  right  to  fiuit  a  service 
where  lie  is  ilefraiuled  of  his  pay  and  detained  beyond  the  term  of  liis  enlist- 
ment, it  may  simply  he  remarked  that  at  no  time  were  the  iasli  and  the 
cord  more  active  than  in  1779  and  in  1780.  'i'he  many  thonged  and 
knotted  cat  which  cut  to  tiie  i)iood  at  every  stroke,  and  the  gauntlet,  wiiere 
a  double  tile  of  soldiers  anointed  the  cidprit's  naked  body  with  blows  from 
one  end  of  their  lane  to  the  other,  were  in  constant  refjuisition.  I'logging 
went  beyond  a  Inindred  lashes  ;  and  sometimes  the  criminal  was  again  and 
again  remanded,  that  his  torn  and  inflamed  back  might  be  more  bitterly 
rent.  As  for  the  death  penally,  il  was  necessary,  in  1779,  when  our  Conti- 
nental army  was  in  danger  of  dissolution  by  desertion,  to  authorize  its  im- 
mediate inlliction  upon  any  one  caught  in  the  act.  Harry  I.ce  not  only 
lianged  the  lirst  man  that  he  delected  in  lhi>  offence,  but  sent  his  lojipcd  and 
l)Ioody  head  to  Washington.  The  spectacle  had  a  happy  effect  on  the 
men  ;  hut  our  officers  dreaded  the  result  of  its  being  made  known  to  ihe 
jiublic.  Its  repetition  was  forbidden,  and  W  ashington  ordered  a  party  at 
once  to  bury  the  mutilated  corpse  ere  il  should  fall  into  the  hands  of  the 
enemy."  [Thatcher,  223  ;  I.ec  on  Jellcrson  (ed.  1S39),  .MS.  Am.  O.  B. 
Sargent's  Life  of  Andre,  i)p.  252-3.] 

This  book  is  full  of  revelations,  developed  with  an  unsparing  pen  and 
from  an  honest  heart.  It  is  to  be  regretted  that  this  work  is  out  of  print 
and  so  little  known  to  the  general  pul)lic.  It  would  dissipate  many  of  the 
myths  which,  like  aureolas,  invest  the  credited  ..tories  of  the  American 
Revolution. 


i 


i 


I 


6 

torian,  who  was  on  tlic  stall  ol  C'ornwallis,  and  an  executive  ol 
the  commissary  or  sii|iiily  (lepartment,  has  left  a  vivid  and  pain 
fill  record  of  the  iniciiiilioii^  inaniKT  in  which  the  loyal  militia  of 
the  Carolinas  weir  treated  by  the  otVuers  of  the  crown.  Profes- 
sional soldiers  liave  always  exhibited  that  superciliousness,  injustice 
and  want  of  wisdom  in  associating  with  volunteers,  often  of  far 
better  stuff  and  futer  experience  than  themselves. 

Wiiat  the  'I'lascalans  were  to  Corte/,  the  loyalist  or  colonial 
militia  were  to  the  Knglish.  ecpially  serviceable,  ecjually  ill-treated, 
eijually  sacrificed ;  so  often  in  the  northern  colonies,  almost  inva- 
riably. 

Even    so   was   tlie   loyalist    strength  waited  throughout  the 

Revolution,  whereas  a  (oiitiary  course   would  have  shown   tiieiii 

to  be  the  best  and   boldest   of  supporters  of  the   imperial    rule. 

Read  the  annals  of  Canada  an<l  the  same   picture  presents   itself 

on  every  page.     The  Canadians  were    as  ( ruelly   and   unjustly 

treated  by  the  officers  of  the  Krench  crown  as  were  tiie    I'rovin 

cials  by  the  officers  of  (;eorge  III.     The  interest  ol   both  were 

ignored,  their  advice  scouted,  their  services   paralyzed   or   worse. 

The  same  Canadian  Indian  e\|iert  who  so  effectually  disposed  ot 

Braddock  at  Kurt  Dmiuesne,  would  have  done  as  much  by  Wolfe 

on  the  MoiUinoreiicy  if  his  counsels  had  been  heeded.     Yet   had 

attention  been  )    id  to  the  I'reiK  li  loyalist,  de  Langlade,  the  con- 

(luest  ot   Cana(,,    would  have  cost   England    and    the    English 

colonies  many  an  additional  campaign  or  war  before  the  cross  of 

Albion  supplanted  the  liourbon  lilies.     Except  that  loyalty  is  a 

duty,  a  religion  as  much  as  religion  proi)er,  itself,  it  has  rarely 

received  any  more   recompense   in    this    world   than    rewanls   a 

conscientiously    religious    life— the  simple    self-consciousness  of 

domg  riglu,  of  acting  out  the  impulses  of  manhood  and  truth. 

It  has  to  be  a  religio.n  lo  and  for   itself     Nowhere  in  history  has 

loyalty  been  ade-^uately  rewarded  any  more  than  it  was  in  the 


case  of  Bothwcll,  third  husband  of  Mary,  (Jiicen  of  Scots,  wlio, 
ever  true  to  the  motto  of  his  princely  house,  "  Kiip  Trest,"  ever 
faithful  to  the  Queen  Dowager  and  Queen  herself,  perished  a  vic- 
I'ln  to  this  virtue,  and  has  hveil  in  history  steepe<I  in  ohioiiuy, 
wliile  his  successful  enemies  have  been  ciiMiiicled  as  [Kitriots  and 
lights  of  grace,  where  they  deserved  to  be  branded  as  self-seek- 
ing, as  greedy  hypocrites,  as  ungralofui  traitors  and  as  cowardly 
murderers. 

Here,  in  New  Hrunswi(  k,  the  centre  of  loyal  blood,  tried  in 
every  fire  of  temptation  and  suffering,  let  their  descendants 
remain  satisfied  and  si.  ire.  They  are  a  people,  a  peculiar  peo- 
ple, self  governed  under  a  paternal  supreme  authority  for  good 
and  not  for  evil.  'I'hey  exist  an  autonomy  of  honorable  associa- 
tion and  exercise  a  glorious  inlluence. 

The  United  States,  particularly  the  Slate  of  New  Vork,  have 
become  the  cesspool  of  the  world.  Jf  the  native  stream  has 
still  power  and  volume  to  carry  off  the  impurity  cast  into 
it  unceasingly,  and  continue  to  cleanse  and  clarify  itsell,  ulti- 
mately remains  to  be  seen.  It  may,  alas!  become  like  one 
or  more  of  the  Maine  rivers,  so  chokeil  witli  saw-dust  and 
"stubb  shorts"  that  the  noble  river  has  shrivelled  into  a 
stream  so  narrow  and  shallow  that  its  once  capacious  channel  will 
no  longer  float,  at  any  but  high  tide,  the  largest  vessels  which 
once  found  everywhere  ami)le  depth  and  expanse  to  navigate 
freely  and  safely.  What  the  end  will  be  when  the  pinch  comes, 
remains  to  be  seen.  It  was  a  touch  and  go  in  1877.  when  there 
was  little  occasion  for  an  uprising.  What  will  result  when  scanty 
harvests  and  severe  seasons  bring  the  wolf  to  the  door  of  the  vast 
majority  ?  The  reflecting  and  forecasting  shudder  at  the  grave 
gloom  of  the  prospect.  He  content  I  New  lirunswick  has  prospered 
in  itself;  may  its  future  be  as  happy  as  its  increment  has  been 
sure. 


iia 


8 

I      .inlhehcatoflhcstrus^lo.   TlK-ir 
^-^^'^*"^^^:^";^Ueientlossly.     If^-V  were  not  wcU-.»no>l 
property  was  confi.^^       Uloo.ly  han.ls  to  hospitable  graves, 
,,,me  after  the  war     nv  ^^^^^.^^^  .^^^^^^,^j  ^,f  ^,,e  latch.stm.g  as 

lUe  halter  was  hung  out  as    _  ^,^^  ^^,,,,,  hope  of  bcuv. 

..invitation,  in  case  tl.>-^^^^^^^      ,.,e  was  the  fate  of  U. 
able  to  get  back  to  s.A  ^^^   ^^^.^^^.  ^,^^.  ^,,,,,ssions  ol 

majority.     'Hu..-  bones  are  .^  ^^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^.^^^  ^,,^,.,,^,^.   .,„, 

,.,,at  Britain.*    The  speaker  ^    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^^^^  ^^.,  ,^,,^  ,.,j 

onusnan.ean.blooa,>nunu-^^^^^^^^ 

,  ,,yal  comnuss>on,  '-'^^  '"  -  ^^^  ^,^^^, ,,,  ^,,i,  native  lan.l  A  near 
as  a  rule,  but  few  sleep  k  -  ^  ^^^^^^^  ^^^  ^^^^^^^^,,  ,.^„^„,^„,,,a 
relative,  eonsiaerea  one  ol  the 

,      ,1  ;.  T  ,iuicl  lowu.wiih  M\  »1'1  ^n.l 
*..  IhuKh.n,  ISu.^ex  ounUy.  Lnfib.uM  >.  ■    1     ^^_^  ^^^^^  _^^^^.^,^  ^^,^„  ,  ,,, 

,,le,sant  church  in  U.  *  ,    t,,„,i,,  V,n   C-nr.Uuuit,  ..   r.u.ca 

^        I  vs-  u  a  tabUn  t..  the  me.no>      ol  LU  ^,        ^^,_,,  ,^,a  74. 

:;i   ,.;;.  of  .he  An.enc.n  ^-;'-        ,;^.,„.,.a  f.n.„,  in  U.  OuU. 
Th    VanCunh.na,s..e   .ul     .  ''^"^     '^   .,.^,^.,.  f,,„a   ,he  .epo,e  ol    ll|ul.hau, 

and  aid  nol  be.pcaW  a  nC)  ^__^,^^^,^j  ,„    „,cnuny  c.f  a  Ml 

l,nd|  towards  the  Ameocans.     1  .^.^^^^  i„,.npUon  state,    hat  l>e 

tmerlvamcvchant   at   ^--"f '    ■";^,/  ,,  M.  ..v.n,^/.  CV«-;--.  >'" -" 

tr.;.'-./-'^^'"^-"'^;^^':^^:'   ;d   a    nOv,.hnc   ho   .as  livin,  ...     « 

Lu.of  h.   lulelny   -   '-,^;';^.        '/    1  ao'no,   .eodlee,   the  story  oHh.. 

f,iend  ,>ear  Charleston.  S.uth  <  au       -  ^^^^^  .    ,^  ^^,.^,,^,,,  ,,  3  ,0,   , 

M,..  inslt.  i.>  the  history  of  on.    -'>',„      Certain  it  i.  that  the  n.onu- 

,        1  the  fite  of  some  of  hi>  l)ictniM  falsehood  ana  a 

:;:Le  towards  the  execrable  Con.res      f  >  .    •  ^^^^J^^  ,^,  „^  ,, 

„,Ue.allsor  asancnary     ^  ^^^.  ^_^_^  ^„^^,,„„,„    -^    -emu^ 

epitavh  espresses  sentunents    '  ^  '„     ..  ,  ^.,„,.  f,-.,,,,  I- nro,e,     W  ■  H.  Cak 
4,,  rather  than  a.  the  present  turn. 

TKK.      N.V.,   IS27. 


A* 


9 


im 


at  Michiliinacinac  wlicn  tlic  Revolution  hrok-L' out,  and  the  fir.^t 
aut()grai)li  \vhi<:li  he  holds  of  tliis  otiiccr  is  dated  on  the  4th  of 
July,  lyyT).  directini^  the  movements  of  the  firthest  western 
Inchans  then  known  down  to  tiie  relief  of  Montreal.  His  nejiliew 
and  namesake,  for  whom  he  i)ur(hased  an  ensign's  coniniission  in 
his  own  regiment.  Inil  who  i)referred  the  sea  to  land  service,  dis- 
covered, among  others,  for  the  (  rowri.  a  group  of  islands  in  the  as 
yet  une\|ilored  Pacific,  whii  h  still  iiear  the  fnnilv  name.  A  great 
uncle,  by  marriage,  fought  the  hafJe  Moodiest  in  its  results  at  the 
north,  Oriskany,  and  won  it  for  the  crown.  Anothe'-  great  uncle, 
by  blood,  fought  out  the  bloodiest  battle  at  the  south,  King's 
Mountain.  The  remains  of  this  gentleman  lie  in  one  of  the 
churchyards  of  the  city  in  which  this  address  is  delivered.  'I'he 
handsomest  battle  of  the  war.  i'.utaw  Springs,  was  saved  for  the 
crown  by  the  New  \'ork  \'olunteers.  in  which  my  grandt'ather  was 
a  ca])tain.  'I'his  list  might  be  e.xtended  far  beyond  your  willing- 
ness to  listen. 

Very  probably  some  one  in  the  I'nited  States  niav  ask,  what 
good  can  be  derived  from  reviving  these  reminiscences?  ]f  for 
no  other  reason,  that  Montesipiieu's  adage  may  be  verified. 
■•  .Sooner  or  later  every  |  hidden  |  thing  conies  to  the  light."  What 
is  more,  the  wrongs  done  to  the  loyalists  have  never  been  repented 
of.  while  every  falsehood  has  been  repeated  and  magnified  in  re- 
gard to  the  treatment  of  the  whigs  by  the  royalist  ])arty.  The 
cry  of  the  wrongdoer  is  always  ''forgive,"  whereas  the  gosi)el 
does  not  enjoin  forgiveness  without  reiieiitance  and  atonement 
going  before.  If  atrocities  were  committed  on  those  who  were 
esteemed  rebels,  the  deeds  were  not  done  by  persons  high  in  of- 
tu:e,  but  by  iniderlings.  The  severities  against  our  forefathers 
are  chargeable  upon  men  exercising  the  highest  trusts  and  occu- 
pying the  most  dignified  positions,  for  which  it  is  held  that  a  man 
should  be  ind)ued  with  sentiments  of  justice  andof  inercv.  There 


10 

is  no  need  to  lmUlt  upon  a  <lctnik',l  consi.lenilion  of  the  mines 

or  pi-ison-sliips  t.  >  wbi.  h  the  tovies  were  eonsignod  or  going  into  tiie 

thousands  ..I  outrages  inthrted  on  resi.e(lal)le  peophMhe  aged,  tlie 

sick,  the  unprole.-ted;  the  tarring  and  leathering,  the  riding-on-a- 

rail,  llie  Hogging   with  iiickory  sprouts,  which  were  administered 

without  decency  or  remor>e.     An  api-'hcaticm  of  this '■  popuhir 

injustice"  converted  Thomas  i;rov\ne,  of  Augusta,  (leorgia.  from 

sin\ply  an  outsi^oken  opj-onent  of  mohdaw.  into  tlie  Coh  Browne 

who  became  one  of  tlie  most  (hiring  and  imphicahle  of  the  loyal 

couuuanders  at  the  South,  and  who  enjoyed  amjile  oi)portunilies 

lo  inllicl  justified  punishment   for   unjustified  ami  cruel  wrongs. 

Nevertheless,  as  a  soldier  he  won  the  admiration  of  his  immediate 

oplionents. 

There  are  three  casesof  the  harsh  treatment  of  women  of  dis- 
tini  tion   that  cannot  he   passed  over  in   silence,     'I'ake   that  of 
Ladv  lohuson.      Arrested   because  her   husl>an<l.  Sir  John,  could 
not  he  taken,  she  was  held   as  a  hostage  for  his  acts,  and  threat- 
ened with  exec  ulion  if  he  counuitted  re|)risals  i(jr  the  outrages  to 
which  he  ami  she  had  been  subjec  ted.    This  severity  was  not  the 
action  of  the  low  nor  unedu(  aled.  but  of  those  the  highest  in  rank, 
sociallv  and  i)olilicallv,  even  of  those  who  were  bound   to  show 
generosity  on  the  score  of  consangiui   ly  and  gratitude.     With  a 
heroism  worthy  of  her  exalted  station,  she.  in  the  midst  of  a  se- 
vere winter,  ami  through  deep  snow  and  e\ery  otlier  peril,  made 
lier  escajie  and  rejoined  her  husband;  but  at  a  fearful  price,  the 
hie  of  her  infmt  (hild.  who  perished  of  want  and  cold  in  the  \er)' 
anus  of  one  of  the  Indian  braves  who  relieved  her,  and  when  she 
was  already  about   to  embrace   the   consort  she  had  tmdergone 
such   suffering  and   danger  to  rejoin.     ( )ne  of  her  descendants 
compiled  a  touching  narrative  of  the   perils  over  which  she  tri- 
umphed and  the  wicked  treatment  she  ex])erienced. 

The  second  case   in   iioiut   was  that  of  the  wife  of  William 


^1 


^i 


11 

Franklin,  tlic  son  of  the  noted  llenjamin  Franklin — ''!c  ruse  boii- 
homnic"  (that  (  unning  old  rock?),  as  Michelet  styles  him — the  last 
royal  governor  of  New  Jerse)'.  When  i' lanklin  was  arri'sled,  in 
1777,  he  was  conveyed  to  Fast  Windsor,  Connecticut.  His  wife 
lay  sick  only  a  few  niiles  distant.  He  requested  liberty  to  visit 
her.  The  whig  commander-in-chief,  as  in  the  case  of  Lady  John- 
son, would  not  interfere.  His  reply  realizes  the  words  of  Troilus 
in  regard  to  the  letter  of  Cressida  to  him,  her  distracteil  Trojan 
lo\er,  "  Words,  words,  mere  words;  no  matter  from  the  heart." 
Franklin's  wife  was  muc  h  aflei  ted  by  the  severity  of  her  father- 
in-law  to  her  husband,  his  only  son. 

"  Slic  (lii'd  ill  177S,  in  licr  forty-iiiiitli  year,  iuul  it  i^  insciilHil  011  llio 
iiKiiiuiueiilal  tablet  elected  to  lici-  iiKMiKiiy  in  St.  I'aul's  eluneli,  New  N'culi, 
llial,  '  Cdiiipelled  10  ]iait  finni  tlie  lui^baiid  she  fived,  and  at  Icii^'lli  despair- 
iiisf  of  tlie  sootliini;  liope  01"  lu>  s]ieedy  return,  ^lie  sunk  under  aecuiiud.ited 
distresses,  &c.'  " 

The  third  case  was  that  of  Mrs.  Peter  \'an  Schaack,  of  Kin- 

derhook.  New  York.      Let    the   whig,    Loreii/o   Sal)ine,  tell    the 

story  : 

"  111  177S,  till'  >lale  of  Mis.  \'aii  Seluiaek's  lieallli  lice.ime  alarniinL;,  and 
it  was  desirable  that  she  should  visit  the  city  of  New  N'oik,  the  place  of  her 
nativity.  Her  physicians  were  of  the  opinion  that,  in  the  peculiar  stale  of 
her  mind,  her  native  air  and  proximity  lo  the  sea  would  be  of  more  hcnelil 
tiiaii  medicine.  I  ler  husband  applied  lo  the  s^overnorof  New  York  for  leave 
to  carry  her  there.  The  city  was  in  the  possession  of  llie  Uritish,  and  lliough 
that  lady  herself,  as  well  as  her  partner,  were  objects  of  universal  love  and  cs- 
Iccin,  the  recjuest  of  the  dying  woman  was  refused.  Such  was  the  stern  decree 
of  war,  of  civil  war.  Again,  Mr.  \'an  Schaack  |a  non-combatant,  an  invalid 
and  jiartially  blind  |  a|iplied  for  libi-rly  to  take  his  sick  wife  within  the  liril- 
i^h  line,-,,  and  was  again  refused.  She  was  wasting  away  under  a  consump- 
tion. ( )f  the  medical  stall"  of  lUiigoyne's  army,  then  prisoners,  was  a  l,)octor 
Hayes,  of  great  re[nited  skill  ;  and  Lafayette  ua  asked  to  allow  the  lUitish 
surgeon  to  visit  her,  but  the  Committee  of  Safety  interfered,  and  the  huinane 
mission  was  forbidden.  She  soon  died.  In  her  last  moments,  she  told  hei 
heart-broken  iuisband  that  she  forgave  him  who  had  prevented  her  from 
going  to  New  York  ;  and  when  he  desired  to  know  whether  she  would  not 
also  forgive  those  who  had  prevented  Doctor  Hayes  from  coming  to  her,  she 
an.swered,  '  Yes,  she  forgave  Ihcin,  and  everybody.' 


12 

"Of  all  ilicciicmu^laiKCsoflicr  >m\  lalo,  Mr. Van  Schaaik  wrote  a  most 
toiuhiiii;  aecounl.    i  Ic  w^i>  soiely  >liickcn.    Witliin  eif^hl  years  lie  bad  lost  six 
chil.lieii,  he  had  Inirieil  his  father,  had  heen  deprived  of  the  use  of  one  eye,  and 
ua>  harassed  «ilh  fear  of  total  blindness  [which  afterward  came  upon  hinij. 
I'nder  these  circumstances,  the  commotions  of  the   lime  had  broken  up  a 
llourishini,'  business,  and  he  was  now    an   outlaw  alnuit  to  depart   from  his 
native  laiiil.    ' '1  oni  from  the  nearest  and  dearest  of  all  human  connections," 
are  his  own  wori's,  'by  the  visilaiion  of  Alniii^hty  Cod,  and  by  means  of  the 
public  troubles  of  my  country,  1  am  now  i;oiny  into  the  wide  world,  without 
friends,  without  fortune,  with  the   remembrance  of  past   happiness,  and  the 
future  prospect  of  further  adversity."    The  order  of  his  l)anishment  bore  the 
Mt;nalure  of  Leonard   ( lanscvoorl,  J  r..  Secretary  of  llie    Hoard  ol    Commis- 
sioners, who   had   been   his  student  at  law.     '  Leonard,'  said    he, 'you   have 
sijjned  my  death  warrant."  '^  *  *  0/ on-ii  .uti  ^-aiiisl 

'ns  ccKiitrv,  Van  Sclhuick  liad  roiinin/tfil  iwiii::  his  sole  offou-es  wor  his 
opinions.  'Ihat  he  was  a  pure  au<l  noble  man,  there  is  suthcient  proof. 
On  his  reluru  from  Knt;laud,  Mr.  Jay  went  on  board  of  the  sliip,  look  him 
to  thedoveruor's,  Cliief  juslice's,  iVc,  and  lie  received  a  hearty  welcome 
from  all;  and  it  is  to  be  remarked,  that  the  friends  who  thus  cordially 
greeted  him  were  not  of  the  moderate  wliii;s  alone,  but  of  those  slylcd  'vio- 
lent wlii_i;s,'  of  wlunii  (',eori;e  Clinlon  was  rei;ardcd  the  head." 

Yet  wlicti,  aldiie,  iiicfc  y  mid  fotboaraiicc  cotild  avail,  tlioy  did 
not  spafc  him  a  single-  piiiig  thai  could  be  inllicted. 

Il  is  impossible,  while  on  this  subject,  not  t(J  add  a  lew- 
words  about  the  case  of  Captain  Asgill,  and  il  is  eiiually  im- 
possible not  to  bring  in  a  name  of  which  the  menlicMi  has 
been  studiously  avoided.  Philip  White,  a  New  jersey  loyal- 
ist, was  killed  by  the  whigs,  Richard  I, iiipincott.  another  New 
Jerseyman,  and  a  loyalist  captain,  c  aptured  Muddy,  who  had 
killed  White,  and  hung  him.  Washington  demanded  of  Cieii. 
Sir  Henry  Clinton,  the  surrender  of  l,ippincott.  The  lioard  of 
Loyalists  interfered  in  his  behalf,  and  the  demand  was  i-efused. 

"Washington  then  determined  to  retaliate  on  a  prisoner  in  his  posses- 
sion, and  selected,  by  lot.  Captain  .\sgill,  of  the  (liiards,  the  heir  and  hope 
of  an  ancient  family  of  England,  and  fixed  the  time  for  his  execution.  As- 
gill's  mother,  on  learning  the  condition  of  her  son,  implored  N'ergenncs,  the 
French  minister,  to  interfere  to  save  him.  Her  pathetic  appeal  was  pub- 
lished, and  excited  sympathy  throughout  luigland  and  France.  'I'he  unfor- 
tuuate  youth  was  finally  released  by  order  of  Congress." 


ci 


J 


(1 


111  justice,  a>i(l  acconling  to  military  ethics,  no  right  existed 
for  that  course  ot"  action.  Captain  Asgill  was  no  more  a  jirisoner 
of  Washington  tlian  of  Rociiambeau,  and  without  the  hitter,  and 
tlie  cooperation  of  Admiral  de  Grasse,  the  capture  of  Cornwallis 
in  N'orktown  would  have  been  as  much  an  impossibility  for  the 
Americans  as  the  attempt  to  scale  ()lyiiipus  i)roved  to  even  the 
giants  of  fable.  Tiie  American  general  had  about  as  much  right 
to  hold  a  regular  Ihilish  ofticer  belonging  to  the  (  ajitured  garri- 
son of  N'orklown  responsiiilc  for  the  act  of  a  lory  captain  in  New 
Jersey,  acting  under  a  '•  licard  of  Associated  Loyalists,"  as  to  lake 
a  prisoner  who  fell  into  the  hands  of  the  French  contingent  at  the 
North  and  hang  him  for  a  crime  conmiitted  by  a  tory  in  the 
Carolinas.  The  French  telt  this  to  be  so.  and  the  interference 
of  their  ministry,  not  the  magnanimil)  or  justice  of  the  Americans, 
saved  Asgill. 

I  have  used  the  first  jierson  as  seldom  as  possible  in  this 
address,  but  I  declare  and  I  believe  thai.  I  am  able  to  maintain 
the  assertion  by  ami)le  proof,  that  in  the  true  sense  of  magnani- 
mity, there  was  infinitely  more  of  that  (piality  shown  by  the  Brit- 
ish commanders  than  by  the  whigs  to  tlie  loyalists.  Ferguson, 
whose  aim  was  fatal,  spared  Washington  when  he  could  have 
killed  him  with  ease,  but  when  Ferguson  fell,  with  a  volley  of 
bullets  in  him,  Colonel  Hanger,  1!.  A.,  his  friend  and  associate, 
tells  us  his  corpse  was  abandoned  to  the  turkey  bu/./.ards.  Clinton 
offered  to  resign  raliier  than  retaliate  for  the  execution  of  the 
gallant  and  unhapi)y  Andre,  and  Carlelon  was  mercy  incarnate— 
a  mercy  which  was  stigmatized,  with  tlieir  usual  justice  by  the 
whigs,  as  the  astutest  of  policy.  The  forbearance  of  the  crown 
officers  was  sheer  cruelty  to  the  loyalists,  whom  their  enemies 
treated  as  they  listed,  and  yet  what  a  howl  of  indignation   was 


■aised  if  the  royal  ])ower  rarely  made  itself  felt. 

The  cry  is  often  made,  what  is  the  use   of  tearing  oi)en 


oUl 


II 

wounds?     Thf   answer  is,  "liistor)    is  cxi)cricnci;   tcacliing  by 
fxam|ilc."      Forgiveness  after  re])entance  and  atonement  is  en- 
joiiieil.    Forgetlulness,  so  far  from  being  expected,  is  siil)je(ted  to 
an  exactly  opposite  rule:  else,  wiiy   are   the  records  to  he  ke\)t 
open  for  eternity  ?      Let  the  advocates  of  oblivion  answer  that! 
'I'lie  executive  may  pardon  a  criminal,  but  liiat  does  not  obliter- 
ate the  record  of  the  crime,  which  stands,  if  no  more,  as  a  warn- 
ing and  a  lesson.     Americans,  the  offspring  of  whigs,  may  con- 
demn this  address,  but  it  is  hard   to   forget    when  a  man's  great 
grandfather,  an  honored  and  opulent  (iti/,en,  who  never  commit- 
ted a  crime  except  faithful  adherence   to   his  jirinciples  and  go- 
vernment, was  driven  forth  an  impoverished  exile  with  a  price — 
so  to  speak — upon  hishea<l.  after  a  narrow  escape  from  death  at 
the  hands  of  a  vile  mob,  and  ilied  in  a  foreign  land;  that  a  great 
grandmother  died  in  consetiuence,  of  a  broken  heart;  t!iat  one 
grandfather  had  to  purchase  back,  out  of  his  economies,  a  corner 
of  his  ancestral  domain  :    that    another  grandfather  and  three 
great-uncles    were   shot    on    the   battlefield,    under   the   colors 
beneath  which  they  were  born  and  bred;  one  losing  his  life,  one 
losing  his  leg,  one  losing  his  liberty  and  the  other  driven  forth 
into  the  wilderness;  and  that  all  his  nearest  relatives,  the  majority 
of  his  connections  and  nearest  friends,  were  either  rabbled,   or 
harassed,  or  hunted,  or  exiled,  after  seeing  their  jjroperty  con- 
fiscated— all  this,  all  these  memories,  do  not   engender  either 
forgetfulness  nor  forgiveness.     Cnu/iit  yiid'Ciis  Apella  '     A  man 
nuist  have  white,  not  red  blood  in  his  veins  to  do  so.     Nor  did  it 
end    there.     Remember    the   subseiiuent    anti-rent  laws,  virtual 
confiscations;    the  elevated  railroad  laws,  and  an  hundred  other 
sacrifices  of  the  individual  to  corrupt  and  unjust  public  action. 

It  is  easy  to  imagine  the  feelings  of  a  speaker  who  responds 
to  the  kindly  welcome  extended  to  him  from  the  children  and 
grandchildren  of  those  who  grasped  fondly  the  hands  of  his  pro- 


15 


gcnitors  and  drank  of  the  same  imsatisfyin.-:  <iip  of  glory  and  iliu 
same  bitter  drauglils  of  siitlering. 

Men  of  New  l!runs\vi(k,  tlie  loyalty  of  i77r),  wliicli  suffered, 
was  the  very  same  loyally  tliat  triumphcl  in  iHCn.  iiie  same 
patriotism  which  aroused  our  forefathers  in  su|i|K)rt  of  the  crown 
a  century  ago.  awoke  the  generation,  still  existing,  for  the  Flag 
and  the  Union.  It  was  the  same  identical  spirit.  In  [776  it 
was  King  and  country  ;  in  i,S6i.it  was  President  and  coimtry. 
There  was  more  |)atri()tism  displayeil  at  the  .North  in  larrvin.r 
through  the  war  of  four  years  for  the  sup|)ression  of  the  -.Slave- 
holders' Rebellion"— yes.  ten  times  over— than  was  shown  by  the 
colonists  fighting  out  the  Revolution  whicii  severed  the  'I'hirteen 
Colonies  and  Canada. 

A  man  would  be  wanting  in  manhood  who  did  not  adhere  to 
the  Hag  under  which  he  was  born  and  nurtured;  but  still  the 
heart  may  honorably  retain  its  affection  for  the  past  from  the  ten- 
der memories  of  which  he  was  torn.  Some  may  recollect  the 
story  of  the  expatriated  Huguenot  noble,  who  asked  as  a  sole 
reward  for  especial  service— saving  the  life  of  the  persecuting 
king — that  he  might  retain  the  mere  walls  of  his  ancestral  home 
without  its  appanage,  together  with  the  jirivilege  of  a  brief,  rare 
visit  to  the  spot  where  his  forefathers  had  exercised  rule  and 
influence  for  generations,  and  slept  their  last  sleep  in  a  jieace 
denied  to  their  unhapjjv  descendants. 

My  grandfather  never  lost  his  affection  for  the  Hag  under 
which   his  early   years   had   jjassed   in   faithful   service;     but    he 

Ldit  ui)  his  children 


l>rough 

he  found  wife  and  Ibrtm 


Mjual   fidelity  to  the  countr\-    in    which 
ne  and  hereditary  ties  ;    in   the  cit\-  which 


his 


race,  immediate  and  collateral,  had  so  t>reatlv  assisted  to  maki 


illustrious 


All   of  the   Watt 


the  fi 


s  and 


de  [ 


eysters    who    were  o 


Id 


eld,  as  were  nn  own    l)o\s 


.'fort 


enough  to  serve  were  in 

diey  were  men,  and  none  strove  harder  to  do  their  duty   by   tht 


10 


cause  to  whicli  tlioy  devoted  llieir  yoiitli.  It  u;is  a  painful 
wrench  that  tore  apart  families  a  century  ago,  and  to  this  da)  liie 
injustice  on  all  JKinds  to  loyalists  prevents  the  gap  from  closing. 
No  Curtius  has  yet  leaped  into  the  chasm  to  heal  the  hreach 
which  every  reflecting  I'jiglishman.  Canadian,  American  and 
Anglo-Saxon  must  sup|)licate  shall  be  effectually  dosed  in  a  per- 
petual alliance  necessary  to  the  healthy  progress  and  safety  of 
the  world.  \'es,  indeed  I  for  on  the  .\nglo-Sa.\on,  and  upon  him 
alone,  rests  all  the  living  hopes  of  the  future. 

'I"he  action  or  the  act  which  separated  the  Colonies  from  the 
luiipire  was  engineered  jjretty  much  as  the  or<linaiices  of  secess- 
ion were  carried  through,  and  the  brutality,  the  sa\ageness,  the 
calculated  cruelty  exh.ibited  at  the  South  towards  I'nion  men  was 
nothing  nu)re  than  a  repetition  oi  the  treatment  of  loyalists  a  cen- 
tury ago,  exaggerated  in  the  secession  case  by  the  demorali/ing 
intluences  of  slavery.  It  was  not  a  loyalist  nor  the  descendam  of 
loyalists  who  sought  out  and  maile  public  the  wrongs  they  had 
greatly  suffered,  and  the  services  they  had  e\en  more  greatly  per- 
formed. The  children  of  whigs  or  rebels  ha\e  made  the  most 
astounding  revelations,  disgusteil  with  the  cant  and  deception  of 
the  rebels  in  their  romances  styled  histories,  founded  on  the  as- 
sumed disinterestedness,  virtues  and  god-like  attributes  of  the 
"patriot  sires."  'The  "  |)atriot  sires :"  In  a  great  number  of 
instances  they  were  not  even  born  on  the  soil  the  interests  of 
which  they  pretended  to  advocate  with  t'llial  affection.  A  num- 
ber of  the  ])atriot  generals,  divested  of  the  halo  of  success,  would 
have  been  branded  by  failure  as  mercenaries  and  adventurers,  if 
not  even  worse,  and  a  man  who  was  imported  (Tom  I'.iine)  to  the 
the  public  heart  is  one  now  execrated  b\  every  individual  who 
honors  the  good  and  the  true.  That  the  spirit  of  deception,  so 
potent  and  agreeable  among  the  ignorant,  w.is  at  work  every- 
where was  demonstrated  by  the  admission  of  the   honest  Shelby. 


n 


\l» 


I  fc- .■..,„■,..  ks  ih.u  ll...  ,v,,u,-t  „t  ,h,  ■■.\sso,nie..|  Cnlnnd..."  in 
■■'•K.ml  tn  thrir  su.-.vss  ;,t  "Kin.ii's  Mountain."  was  nm  ,  ..u.. 
'""■'"^•"'  "l'li^'l.i'<-  ll.in,|,|,cs.x;H,h  «1,;„  is.nrrolM.ntoi 
l'y'l"''""'m.ilc.vi,lcn.r  „r  il,,-  ,v|,ort.  il,,.t  i.  was  a  •-,  u,.kc.l  np" 
''""""^■'"  ■""I'l'^il  il  ».i>nian,|,„lau.,ltotl,vilu.|,nl,li<h..aii. 

.\oain.  ;n  a  |,nM,r,,r  iIr.  nmiiv,..  il,:u  inlJti.MKv,]  the  |Kiln,,ts  .,r 
■•'■'"■Is  t..wanU,lu.l,.,;,|i„., ,,„„„,,,  ^.^^„„„„,  „„„    ,1,^.    „„|„,.|^,,, 

lisln|,lu.ur,.n,t;sM,lliru.,iu|,„ntlu.  I nWians  iK-rause  Hkt  w„nM 
iH.l  srli  their  Mwvi.rs  Inr  nnpty  ,,nMnis,.s— •|„„,u,scs  t-  pav."  not 

likHy  to  l,clinno,v,|  any  n.oiv  than  the  (a.v  or  C.nt.n.ntahnoncy 
-ami  ,am  ont  llu.  |,lo,„K  l.cl,cst.  of  ,„-c.,|  upon  thosHron,  u  1,.,M, 
llH'y  1k.,I  expcncn.T,!   nothing;  i.ut  ju>ti.  c  and  .■onsi,lual,on   lur  a 

CCIUlll). 

Sullivan's  .an.pai^n.  in  ,77^.  was  a  .■nisa,lc.  like  nianv  oilu'is. 
in.m-atify  passion,  an.l  it  was  cvnaitn!  in  ohnlicnce  to  a  .le.  rcr  of 
(■on-rc'ss,  which  l,a.  not  Ikvu  unaptly  .tvlol  the  '•  Resolmion  of 
VcngcaiK-c."  It  converted  the  in,lian.  invented  with  nianv  traits 
""I'lc  :..„!  attractive,  into  the  utter  sava;,e  of  th,.  era  encountered 
"I'on  the  honiers.  u  ho  seen.s  destitute  of  almost  everv  aitnhuie  ol 
'"""•'"">■•  •'•>  "'^  '"y^'lisls  hrin^  d,at  damnn>^  accusation 
a-ainst  the  .olonists?  \,,  '  It  is  estahlished.  repeated,  eni- 
i'l'asi/ed  by  men  wh,.  have  neither  justice  n,.r  mercy  tor  the 
lories. 

■I'lic  unchristian  measures  meted  out  for  their  <'onscientious 
adherence  to  the  Crown  were  exactly  those  applie.l  to  the 
I'niians.  The  loyalists  had  posui.m  and  propertv  ;  the  Indians 
I'ad  lerlile  lands.      |;„th  were  .'oveted   and  both   were    urenche.l 

"■"'"^''^'""'■'-1"" '■^^^■■^-"•s.     The   world,    ever   the    sycophant 

•'Isu.ress.  i^^nores  the  i-noMe  and  the  unrighteous  sprin-s  m 
their  own  astonishment  at  the  vast  visible  irimnph  of  iniustice. 
"Woe  to  him,"  cries  the  prophet,  "that  increaselh  that 
which  is  not  his  '.      1  lou   lon.u  ^-      Tf.e  ,red,i  of  those  who   en'M- 


necR-il  the  Revolution  is  already  luilf  lorgotteii.  and  tlieir  },'I()ries 

are  paling  and  their  power   has  already   lon^   since   jiassed  into 

foreinii  hands.     An   Arnold   has  dared   to  \  indicate   an   Arnold, 

and   the   present  ^^eneralion   has   j^rown    iiji   who,   like  another 

Pharaoh,  "knew  not  Moses."     The   loyally    of  the  roy.d  .Xnieri- 

cans,  like  that  of  the   jacolntes,  will  live  forever  in  manly  hearts, 

with  j,Meater  and  greater  vitality  and  force  while   poetry  has   fire, 

romance  charm,  and  history  truth  ! 

The  lanj;uaj;e  a|iplK'd  liy  llokcr  to  "  our  greatest  and  onrhest," 

(ieor|;e  II.  Thomas,  victor  of  ihc  only    really   decisive   battle   of 

the  Slaveholders'  Rebellion,  will  apply  in  some  degree  to  many  of 

the  loyalists  of  other  days  who,  like  llie  \  ictor  of  Nashville,  ill 

iS6i.  turned  his  b.uk  indignanti)-  upon  the  secession  and  trt-ason 

of  his  nati\e  state,  and  dexoted  heart  and  soul  to  his  countr)  and 

its  Hag: 

"  A  simple  iiaiiuc  cast  in  antiijiic  inoiild, 
(Jeiule,  serene,  cliilil-tcndcr,  lion  boM  ; 
A  heart  witli  syiii[)atliies  so  Ijioail  aii'l  line 
'I'liat  Iru^l  anil  Kivi,'  yrew  roiiml  liiiii  ere  tliry  Knew, 
Oiieii,  sincere.  iiiicDvetDUS  and  imre, 
Strong  to  aeliieve  and  iialient  to  endure  ; 
Heedless  of  fame,  lie  louUcd  uitiiiii  himself 
I'ur  tliat  reward  which  neither  |iiai-,e  nor  pelf 
»'an  L;ive  the  sonl  whose  naked  virtues  -.land 
liefore  Goil's  eye,  heneath  (iod's  lifted  haiiil. 
In  the  long  future  of  this  mortal  hive. 
Who  may  predict  what  records  will  survive? 
.\  little  shiKldei  of  earth's  brittle  crust, 
And  man  and  man's  renown  were  scattered  dust. 
Hut  in  his  day  to  Thomas  it  was  given 
'I'o  sow  his  lieliK  and  gather  fniit>  for  heaven, 
Which  neilhiT  wnrni  can  gnaw  iioi  care  make  dim, 
And  these  aie  deathless;  these  In.'  took  with  him." 

Without    l-'raiice,  Spain,  in   fact   without  a   world  envious  of 

(Ireat  lirilain,  the  mother  country  itnd    the   Stales   would  still  be 

one.      litit  (ioil  had  a  great  ]iurpose  to  work  out.  and  lie  and  lie 

alone  made  the  colonial  success  a  jiossibility. 


10 


l.isti'ii  to  oiu'  cjiisodt',  ilii'  ili'tcnninin^  one,  wlicii  ( 


iirnw.illis- 


tlif  IIoIiIlv  t  .ii\(l  ;ililrst  and  Ic.ist  se'lfish  of  tlu'  liiitish  (  oiiiiii. 


with   llu'  ox(  eiilifni '>'■  ('.nltton — ua-- 


pl.iiitril 


Willi    Ins   liitU' 


iriin  ill  \ Orktown  1)\-  ( 'lint 


on 


an  annv  wasti'd  ami  uasliii;:  with 


disease,  but  assured  of  iilicl".     (.'ornwallis   was  indui  rd   to  .ili.in 
don   his  outer  lines — loo  extensive   for   his   rapidly   dnninisiiinj; 
uunihors  of  effectives,  liul  still  necessary  to  his  successhii  dcleiK  c, 
provided  tlie  Imvik  h   and   Americans   iiad  sie^e  artillor\.     Wliv 
then  did  so  wise  and  audacious  a  chief  a(  I  so  unwiselv  as  to  draw 


in 


lik 


e  a  snail 


Siiniilv  liccause  Clinton  lerlilied  to  him  lliat  llic 


lies  had   no   lu'a\y,  or   rather  sii'ge  ^'uns.  ami    ((insii|uciiil 


they  liad  only   held   pii'(  es,  the 


liritish    artillery  on   the  nan 
I  th 


(iwer 


lines  were  competent  to  meet  lliem  and  hold  tliein  in  <  hei  k. 

Lfpoi)  advice  to  that  el'lcc  t  fnnii  ( 'liiiloii.  ( 'onnvallis  conlrai  led 
his  lines,  which  field  i^ims  of  the  ptaiod  (ould  iii<l  "sear(li  oui," 
hut  whiili  siege  i,'uiis,  that  he  was  assured  wmild  not  he  lnnu^^lil 
against  liini.  could  search  out  to  the  uttermost  < orner,  even  to  the 
most  secret  and  securest  retreat. 

Now  mark  how  Providence  interposed  to  stultify  C!linton  and 
to  ruin  Cornwalhs. 

Where  was  the  Imvik  h  sie,t;e  arliller\  ? 

( )n  hoard  the  scjuadron  of  de  liarras,  at  Newport.  Rhodr 
island.  And  iiow  thd  they  make  their  appearance  at  Vorklown  ? 
de  liarras,  to  escape  the  Ihitish  tk-et,  slijipod  out,  started  forth 
into  the  middle  of  the  Atlantic,  sailed  around  the  liermudas,  and. 
piloted  by  the  Highest  power,  and  h\  Him  alone,  made  a  circuit 
of  1,500  miles,  arrived  off  the  mouth  of  C'liesajieake  l!ay  on  the 
very  day  and  on  the  only  day  when  lie  could  have  got  in  ;  because 
on  that  fatal  date  the  blockading  liritish  fleet,  instead  of  sailing 
/;//('  the  bay,  as  Nelson  did  at  Aboukir,  to  annihilate  the  French 
fleet,  at  anchor,  drew  off  to  let  the  tleet  of  de  (Irasse  come  rw/and 
have  the  advantage,  and  let  de  liarras  get  in  with   a   siege   artil- 


_  -   -^'~-fr-i^'**^^'-"*i1r 


-20 


(li   Cliiitiin    assuicii    ('.nnu.illi^    wniiM    not    ln'  hidiiglit 


Iciv  wlii 


aj;iiinst  luin  Id  trii^h 


tlu'  inval  t  .iiwc  111  \(irkltn\ii. 


Witlutut  till' (lin.'(  t  inUr|i()sili()n   dl   lii"l   mi«  h   ,i   miiuuiu'Iko 
mid  iiiil  li.uc  lici'ii  lios^'lik'. 

•Is   in.'(  r-'saiv   lliat    tliL-    I'ioik  h    ti(i()|is 


IS 


t.    I 


I)    SlICClTll     It      W 


slidiilil  lir  allnwi'd  to  laiul  in  Klioilr  IMaiid  and  i\'(  iiiu'ialr  iIrto, 
Aiiinlliiidl  should  he  hlindi'd  and  iiaralv/cd. 


an 


d  that  Clinton  am 


l.an/iin  admits  that.     1  Ic  i^  scathiiii,' in  his  critii  ism  on   the    Mrit- 
ish  coninKindcis. 

jd.    It  was  iKTu'Ssaiy  that  the  I'Vc'iii  h    should   he   teinpoiaiily 
perioral  sea.     ('nntiai\  lo  all  human  ealeiilatioiiN  the\  he(  amc 


Sll 


so;  lie 


C.ia 


sse,  111 


nited  as   to   time.  res|i;)ndinL;  lo  the  earnest 


111- 


sit.ition  of  Ro(  h.imheaii.  arri\ed  on  time  ami  in  time, 


I  lis  work 


done  he  de|iarted,  and 
captured  him. 


vodne\    then    s^imd    luin,  u  hi|i|ie( 


I   an 


Mon 


e\'    was 


lisolu 


lely    necessary.     The   Spanianls   suji- 


nliLHl  It. 


.|t]i.   It  was  necessary    that   e\lraordin.ir\    iiielt'ii  ieiu  y   should 


hamlle  the    hitherto   vk  toiua 


liritish   lleet.      I' 


M  eji 


tionallv   tlu 


( ase,  it  now  occurred  most  iiiop|iortunel\'.  How  it  was  de- 
nouiK  ed  the  printed  records  show.  Clinton  s.it  still  ;  the 
.idmirals  ••  hut  half  a  heart  to  the   luisiiK'ss  hrouLjht."      i\och,im- 


heau.    de  Orasse. 


arras 


W 


isliiiiLiton. 


W 


i\iu',    workc 


ked 


111 


together   with   the    precision   and    lbr(  e  ol   n   (iiishini;    m,u  hme. 
Heaven,  earth  and  sea  co-operated,  and  Conuvallis  was  i  rushed  ; 


hirleeii  colonies  separated  lore\er 


the  loyalists  ruined  ;  and  the 
troin  the  crown. 

I'lirn  the  shield  and  obser\e  the  result  ulieii  men  alone 
operated  and  Trosadem  e  did  luM  assist. 

A  j;reat  partisan,  the  spi-aker's  ureal  uik  le,  Cdlonel  James 
de  I.ancev.  stif^mati/.ed  h)  liis  o|ii)onents  as  ••  the  ()utlaw  ol  the 
Bronx,"  with  his  c,i\ahy.  the  elite   of  W'esK  hosier   County,  Now 


York,  wns  stmniiiK  the  Amk-.,,  ,,ns  „„„  i,,,  v.     As  su..„   .„   u  ,sl, 

...Kt.m  w;,s  joMu.d  by  Rn.  iKunla......  he  ,,|,,n,u.,l  ,hc  .U..,ru.  tinn  ,,f 

.Icl.au.oy.  This  time  llc..nn,,|„l,„„Mn,K.,an.l  ,h,s.  ,ho  first 
'oml.innh.pcratinnnl  ih.  .llus.  tu  us.  ,,„  ol.nl.tr  .Military  ex- 
I.r.ssu.n.- urn,  to  water."     Th.  nii.pns  shp,,..!  in  thrir  apphra- 

•ion  :  ,lo  Lan.oy  cs,  ape.l.  ami  a  lov  .lays  alter  he  wa.heatinK  up 
tiie  Anu'ri(aii  ipiartcrs. 

When  Kreal  .ata.lysms  .„•,  „r  n,  luim.m  altairs  m„ney  Iv-cmes 
'ln>ssan.lmenvi.,nns.     So  it  w,,s  will,  ,he  Inv.ihs...  of  An,erira 
TlH'V    were   sa.rili.e,!,  an.l   helueen  liu.   upper   milMone   nt    ,he 

'■ "'^•■'   ^""'    "•'•   >H''lHT  nnllstnne    ul    ,he    ilntish    mnns.rv  they 

were  .^roun,!  into  p„w.ler.  So  it  ever  has  been,  so  it  is.  an,l  so 
it  ever  will  lie  in  rexohitions, 

Tin- politicians,  in  a  .^-real  measure  the   pea.  e    .lemn.rats  ,,t 
llu'   \..rth.  in  ,S6,,   who  said.   '•  Waywanl   sisters.  ^.,  ;„  p,a,e," 
u-erenothin,,  n.ore  than  representatives,,!  ,i,e  lYess  an.l  nu.nluTs 
'"  I'^-rhamen,.  u  ho.  .hirinj.-  the  pen,,.!  eulmuKUin,,  in  the  Ameri- 
.nn  Rev..l,„ion.  .  7r.,-,S.,.  to  elevate  their  .,un   partv  ami  .leleat 
the  ministrv.  were  willing  to  sa.  ritire  their  -onun.in  ...untrv.  an.l 
ronseni  to.    if  not  assist    in.  the  dismemherment   of  the  en,pire. 
Ju.Ik'C  Jones  left  behin.l  him  terrible    revelations  ol    the   venahly 
.1.1.!  .yree.l  that  hast.ne.l  an.l  ...mplete.l  the  wo.k  ;   but  those  wh.', 
'■"Kl   in   his  book   a.hnissions  to  b.ilsier  up  a.herse   theories  .ne 
ahoKother  unwilhng  to  a. ,  ept  the  .lamnm-  tesinn-ms  ..fthe  evil 
that  ruled  to  the  ruin  of  the  loyal  men  of  Ameri,  a. 

("cntu.-ies  a,i,'o,  Huguenots  in  Fiance  ami  i'uritans  in  \orth 
.'ml  .S.,uth  Mrilain  ;  a  .enturv  a-o,  the  loyalists  in  Amenra  an.l  the 
Ciron.lists  in  Fiance  were  the  tl.-st  lo  tin.l  the  (;ol,;otha  ..(virtue. 
Henry  Heine  sai.l  truly.  -Whenever  a  ,mea:  soul  utters  its 
thoughts,  there  is  Colgotha."  Disintereste.l  l.nalty  is  a  very 
great  thought,  yea,  a  (a.t.  an.l  uheie  it  exerts  iisell  it  almost  in- 
variably lin.ls  a  Calvary.  The  witnesses  un.ler  the  altar  are  still 
asking,  '<  How  long?" 


••>.> 


One  other  parallel  and  let  the  subject  rest.  When  the  thir- 
teen colonies  trimnjihed  their  veiv^eancc  wa.-,  extreme.  In  I'ar- 
lianient  the  abandonment  of  the  loyalists  was  denounced  even  l)v 
those  who  had  the  most  to  do  with  brin,t;ini^  about  the  dire  result. 
When  liie  I'nion  trium|>Iied  over  the  "Slaveholders'  Rel)ellion," 
the  lightness  of  the  punishment  was  magnanimity  itself. 

Among  the  immense  amount  of  calculated  calumnv,  written 
and  spoken,  to  justify  the  American  revolt,  one  of  the  accusations 
brought  by  the  colonists  was  the  aut()(  ratic  self-assertion,  if  not 
despotic  tendencies  of  C.eorge  III.  Any  one  who  has  read 
English  History  in  connection  with  tlu'  (hfficulties  between  Spain 
and  (Ireat  Britain,  knows  something  of  the  story  of  "lenkins' 
_  ear,"  which,  the  "fable  of  Cajitain  -Jenkins'  ear,'  has  become  a 
sort  of  synonym  for  the  credulities  and  the  politic  al  folly  of  the  mul- 
titude."    In   lUirrows' "Imperial    Kngland"  the  author  observes: 

"  Wc  have  tllu^  iii.ilcrials  for  f..rmiiit;  a  jiiili;iiH-iit  wliiili  cailier  ^;eiieia- 
tions  liad  not,  and  wc  are  bettor  al)le  to  iiiulcrslaiul  what  the  contemporary 
generation  knew  perfectly  well.  Wc  arc  at  least  houiul,  now  tliat  wc  have 
fuller  information,  to  ascirtain  what  ucrc  the  gr.uinds  of  the  King's  conduct, 
and  what  c.\cu':e  there  was  for  his  mi^lakes.  When  wc  have  thus  adjusted 
the  balance  wc  cannot  escape  from  the  iliity  of  weighing  against  what  re- 
mains, the  solid  merits  of  his  private  and  puldic  character,  the  degree  in 
whicli  he  really  represented  the  nation,  and  the  success  which  crowned  the 
lifehuij,'  efforts  of  as  true  a  jiatriot  as  .Mfred  liic  Creat,*  Fdward  the  I-'irst, 
or  Queen  Eli/abelli." 


*"  The  close  critic  miglil  ol)ject  to  the  union  on  even  plane  of  these 
three  names,  but  no  one  can  refuse  full  honor  to  Alfred,  the  '(ircat  Saxon,' 
the  •  Darling  of  f.Dglaud,'  the  '  Shepherd  of  his  i'eoplc'  " 

"  ' 'i'rulh-lovL'r'  was  our  Knghmd's  Al  I  kkh  named  : 
■fruth-lovcr  \\as  mir  I-'.nglisli  duke, 
Whatever  record  leap  to  li^ht, 
lie  never  shall  be  shamed." 

"Thy  true  nobility  of  mind  and  blood. 
Oh,  warlike  Ai.IKKD  !    gave  thee  to  be  i;ood— 
Goodness  industrious  made  thee  ;  industry 
Got  thee  a  name  to  all  posterity. 


I 


2.'{ 

Lord  Hrougham-who  assure.lly  nuist  count  as  anything  l)ut 
a  partial  witness-in  his  "Personal  Covernment  of  George  III.," 
remarks : 

•'lie  only  <liscl,;u-ge<l  the  .huy  of  hi.  Nation  l.v  thinking  f.„- himself 
act.ng  acconhng  to  his  conscientious  opinion,  and   using  his  inlluence  for 

giving  these  oiiinions  elfecl.  *  vi  ,, 

,,.,.',        ^  .  lie  set  one  exam- 

ine which  ,s  worthy  of  nnitation  in  all  liu.e..  H.  ,cfuM-,l  to  be  nia.le  i  state 
puppet  ,n  his  tninistet's  hands,  and  o,  1..  |,i.  uan.e  he  used  either  l.v  men 
whont  he  <lesp,se,l,oi-  for  purposes  which  he  disapprove,!.  Nor  couhl  any 
one  ever  accuse  him  of  ruling  l,y  favorites;  still  les.  could  anvone  hy  pre 
tending  to  he  the  people's  choice,  impose  hims-lf  on  hi.  vignrous  under- 
standing." 

As  a  proof  of  the  latter  chararteristic,  a  fact  very  little  known 
conclusively  demonstrates.  When  the  ,,ians  for  lUir-oyne's  ••  .\orth- 
ern  Invasion"  was  .li.scussed,  the  King's  opinions  showed  that  he 
had  more  common  sense  than  the  General  or  his  military  and  cabi- 
net advi.;ers.  He  selected  the  route  which  they  rejected,  the  one 
which  military  exi.erts,  judging  ;ifter  all  the  facts  became  known, 
have  agreed  would  have  assured  success.  He  advised  Huigoyne  to 
leave  Lake  Chami-lain  at  ■I'iconderoga,  ascend  Lake  (ieorge, 
and  thence  follow  the  excellent  militaiy  road  acro.ss  to  the  Hud- 
son, 'rhat  would  have  saved  so  much  dtstance.  difticulty,  time 
and  labor  that  no  exertion  on  the  part  of  the  .American  leaders 
could  have  assembled  tro(.|is  to  impede  the  liritish  advance  to 
Albany.     Schuyler  would  not  have  dared,  eveti   if  he  had  been 


'  I'wi.xt  mixed  hojies  and  fears,  'tuixt  joy  anil  giiel, 
Thou  ever  fell's!  distress,  and   found  relief. 

\  ietor  this  day,  next  tlnui  did'-t  ne'er  the  less 

r  the  liehl  dis|nile  thy  former  day's  success. 

(J'erconie  this  day,  next  day  for  all  the  Idou 

Thou  giv'st  or  tak'st  another  overlhrow. 

Thy  lirow-.  from  sweat,  thy  swonl  from  Mood  ne'er  drv, 

\\  lut  was  to  reign  so,  to  us  signifv. 
The  uorld  cannot  proiluce  ^o  much  as  one 
That  through  the  like  adver^  tio  has  gone  ; 

\'el  tound'-,t  thou  not  the  resi  thou  soughtest  iiere, 

liut  with  a  crown,  Christ  gives  it  thee  elsewhere." 


94 

al)lc,lo  detach  Ainold  U>  Mucor  I'uil  Slainvi\.    liennini^tDii  would 

not  liave  occuncd.  and  St.  Logcr  and  Sir  John  Johnson  tVom  tlu- 

West  would  liave  shaken  hands  triunnihaiulv  with  liurnoyne  tVoni 

ihf  North  in  tiie  State  caiiital.     Again  listen  to  I'.mrows: 

■'  I  If  [Ceorgc  1  1 1. 1  iKtoil  uilli  anil  for  I  he  iicdplr;   llicy  |llu-  I'.iili^li  iiiiii- 
istryl  at;iiinst  llic  iieii|iK- ami  for  llu-ir  parly.    Aiul  tiiis  i^  \\\c  iiciiiil.    I'i'Iniiiki! 
j^ovfiniuPiU  ill  a  seiiM-  uc  may  imlccil  aUriiiiilf  to  (icorL;f  the    Thiiil  ;  Ini  no 
line  cviT,  ill  auv  iialiiiii  III  at  any  poriuil,  paiil  111010  miiiuli'  .uul  11  nwcaiicil  at- 
tention to  cM'iv  liclail  of  aiiministration  ;  Imt  it  uas  tin-  iiatimi  yoMTiiiiii;  itM-lt 
in  the  person  of  tlie  soveioii^ii.     in  all  the  leailiiiL;  events  of  the  ieit;n — in  the 
American  war.  ilie   I'rviuh    war^,  the  eonclnsion  of  lrealie^,  the  support   of 
William  I'llt,  ami  even,  I'nr  some  time,  of  l.oni  North,  the  Irealnient  ol    ire- 
laiiil,  the  narrow  but  i  on^eieiitious    I'rotestantism  wliieli   relu.^eil   to  eoneeile 
the  jiolitieal  elaiiiisof  llie  Roman  Catholics — in  all  these  the  great,  ami  s.^ene- 
rally    the   overwhelmiiii;  majority  of  the  people  went  with  their  leprtseiila- 
tire  iitiiH,  lite  Kinl.      We  scarcely  neeil  except  tlio  mistaken  policy  in  which 
he  emliarkeil  with  retcrence  to  WilUcs,  or  the  repressive  incasnrcs  which  ho 
ami  his  ministers  lieUI  to  be  necessary  at  the  lime  of  llie  l''reiicli  Revolnlion  ; 
lor  in  tlie  I'onner  ia>e  the  violence  of  moh-law  soon  prodnceil  a  rcac' ion,  ami 
in  the  latter  the  inalconleiils  were  tar  more  than  lialaiiceil  h)   the  m.i  s  of  the 
peo|)le.     .\ml  then  how  transient  ami  merely  tumnltnous  were  the  pojmlar 
eliullitions  w  itli  which  lie  was  as^aileil,  often  the  mere  proiliict  of  ignorance 
ami  hard  tinu'^l     Mow  ileep,  how  la>tiiit;,  how  ili^nitieil  wa^  the  settled  feel- 
ing ol  the  na'ion!     \\ilne^^lhe  --cenes  at   hi-,   accession  ami  coron;ilioil,  his 
temporary  illnesses  ami  recoveries,  his  progresses  throngh  the  country,  his  visits 
to  the  lleet   ami  dockyanls,  hi>  birtlulav  s,  hi>   jnbilee  ;  w  itno--  the  siistaineil 
leeling  ol  the  people  iliiiiiig  the  long  lliial  peiioil  ol  hi^  blind  .\iiil  in--ane  soli- 
tude, and  their  emotion  at  Ids  death  I      '/'/;,•  nation  ii</iiiin;i,  )Yspeil,,/,  lenrnt 
to  trust  him  iiiiplititly.  ,is  i  1  he  -cere  its  falher.     This  is  no  ligiire  of  speech. 
It  passionately  loved  and   pitied   him  ;  unleignedly,  with  ever)-  marl;  of  de- 
iettioii,  mourned  his  lo>s." 

Cieofoe  ill.  was  a  tar  better  man  and  wiser  ruler  than  the 
majority  of  our  iitesidenls.  lie  wascertaiuK  sttperior  to  'ihe  dog- 
matic .\daius.  and  the  demagogic  Jert'erson,  a  stronger  man  than 
Momoeor  .Madison,  and  cerlrdtdy  not  :'s  ohstinate  and  prejudicetl 
as '-by  the  luernal  "  Ja- i;.v)n.  Later  |iresidetUs.  cxceid  LiiK  olti. 
<an  scarcelv  be  iiermilled,  with  justice,  to  enter  into  a  comiiarison 
with  him.  so  nutch  iloes  he  tower  above  them  in  ever\  res|iect.ible 
attribtite  of  the  chief  of  ;i  great  ti.ition. 


I 


■■m 


■'It  was  (liinii};  Iliis  eclipse  I  /  ,■    fl,,...        i        •    , 
riil-lu-  ,n,.lt,;r„U  virtu,;  of  thr  so:nn   „  I  i  ■. ,.      „/   '  '  '""■'■/""""' 

was  iho  character  whicli  he  n,nv',li.,,l,v,.,|  ,1,,,  ,■  ,   ,      V,'-  "''  ""-'  "''"'^-  " 
self  the  ,  r  I  "'iKlereil  him,  alnuisl  „nc, 

uas  (iunnir   i  ,..      i    .  'f  "  "  man ,  ,• 


.  ii 

II- 

/ 


was  tile  character  whi 

scioiisly  to  him 

'"'■  ""  •>'>■;,„  iu.i-e,  wrote  ll,,,.  nf  hj,,,  ■   ^  I'^iiiamii,  |.,a„|;. 

"What  liieeM,!  uill   |,e,  Co.l   ,,„lv  !<„,,«         I'    , 

And  ai;aiii,  in  i;*,,,  • 

"  /  i'"/  .■.fii/r,'/]'  ,iii/,Y,-. .  ,  /■/,,,,,,,•  ,■,,,,       ,.         .  . 

\\l-nu,     .,„.,„l,ef  ,h.  p„s,„on    Kmnkl,,,   |,d,l    „,    K,,,,,,,,, 

7"  '7^  '"^'7"^'>-  '-^  -'^ '--'  ''p  -.1.  the  witoK.  .,,„:,.,..,; 

stntggle,  su,:h  a  tcsttttto.tv.  pc.,K..,ly  t,n,fnt-,,i,  a,t.U.Mc,,,li,,,,  .vct- 
s.xtccnycars.nutst..,-,,  „..„..;,|,,   „  „,„,„,..  t,,;,,,.! 

'■■<""  nutnm.us  other  souivcs;  hut  it  ,s  cn,u,.h. 

■'''"^-''''■-^l'-"--l,l,u.:,lls.,,,l,.,e,,t,7t,M,lv^is^l,,iestv 

'"'""^^^;''    ■'■''^^■-■'-■'-''-•-— n,.„c.on„st.,J.ti;: 

'-''';-'--  tl- shapiti,  ,,,. vents. a.  l,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,;^,,,,^ 

-■eI.of.lChatha,n.   ilufke.   the    y,u„„ef  i'ttt,  i:or.U  ot.ualhs" 
(  .imim.u.  and  the  Uuke  of  \Velhiio„,n. 

lt.snnpo.sil,leloran.\,uefuane,ti.en.whu  heheves  that  he 
kt>ousanyth,n,..rKn,hshhist,„,.a.,„nnee,e,l  w„h  ul,atn,.w 
--tttutes  the  Intted  States,  to  a.teeutth  the  sele.t,„n  u,.,„e 
';'■'-' o'-tl'-c  MX  ;  I'U.  noone«hohasstt„he.lthe.leta,lso^ 
"'e   Atnet-u-an    Revohttion    uith    honesty    atnl    witl    .„t   pfe,.„h.  e 

' ^"■^'""''^"■^""•■"">  a, hspass.onate  estimate  ot    LonlCo,-,,' 

^vall.s.      Davies.    ,n   su,n,„,n,    ap  the    causes  whtch    led  to    the 

'l"»"'-'ll  "f  the  power  atul  mllnenre  ofthe  I  nttetl  States  o,  Hol- 
I'""'-  <l'^n-.es  their  p,ve,p„;„i,,,  ,n„„  .Mheir  pl:u  e  of  p,,,le  atnotiK 
-      l"""^>nly  to  then- "tnistakin,, he  heat  olpartv  spirit  lor 


nation 


m 


\hc  zeal  of  patriotism."  (lliathani  was  a  partisan,  neither  more 
nor  less,  anil  in  liis  position  toward  the  rebels  of  Anieriia  lie  in 
a  measure  stultified  hinisell.  lUirkc  was  a  mere  orator,  an  ideolo- 
gist. Those  two  and  Lord  C'ornwallis  arc  the  trio  selected  as 
three  whii  h  most  particularly  inliucnced  that  jiortion  ol  the  reign 
of  Cieorge  111.  which  comprised  the  se\en  \ears'  sliuggle  known 
as  the  .\merican  Revolution.  Well  ma\-  it  be  s,-iid  that,  if  (!orn- 
wallis  had  exercised  the  cliiet' ( i>mniand.  instead  u\'  an  incompe- 
tent dage,  the  indolent  Howe,  the  sensual,  headstrong,  although 
gallant  lUirgoyne.  or  the  nervous,  vacillating,  however  personally 
brave  Clinton,  the  result  would  have  been  theconlrar\'  of  what  it 
was.  It  was  l,itterl\  the  continual  paralysis  ol  C'ornwallis  by 
sui)eriors  in  rank,  and  originally  die  >uper^eilure  of  ilu;  politic, 
polished,  persoii.dly  inlluential  Carlelon  brought  fmal  defeat  upon 
the  empire,  coupled  with  the  continual  removal-,  from  active  com- 
mand, or  neutralizing  of  the  ability,  of  men  such  as  the  magnani- 
mous Campbell,  the  captor  of  Savannah,  in  1779. 

The  .\merican  loyalist  who  does  noi  \enerate  the  memor\'  of 
l,ord  Cornw.-illis  is  fdse  to  his  race:  \es.  more  than  fdse  to  his  race. 
1  le  justifies  the  anathema  of  .S.dnl  Paul  ( 1  Timothy  v. ;  8) :  "  Hut  if 
any  provide  not  Inr  his  nwn.  and  espe(  ially  for  those  of  his  own 
house,  he  hath  denied  the  I'aitli.  and  is  wdrse  than  an  infidel." 

When  .\elson — one  of  the  greatest  and  most  gallant  of  all 
the  sea  cliiels  who  ever  commanded  the  Heels  of  a  nation  —  had 
oc<-asion,  at  the  crisis  of  the  llritisli  battle  of  the  lialtic,  to  ad- 
dress a  letter  to  the  Crown  Prince  of  Denmark,  a  wafer  was 
brought  him  to  dose  it.  He  would  not  allow  that,  but  ordered  a 
candle  from  the  cockjjit  and  sealed  the  letter  deliberately  with 
wax!  "This  is  no  time,"  said  he,  'Mo  appear  hurried  or  infor- 
mal."    The  same  si)irit  actuated  Ceorge  111. 

"  When  he  (George  III.)  refiisc.i  to  be  ihiveii  by  pupuhu  clamour  into 
a  pienuiture  yaxcc  :  '  Wo  arc  couteiubii.;  for  our  whole  consequence, 
whelbfr  we  aro  lo  rank  auiuup  the  i;reat  powers  of  luuope,  or  to  be  reduced 


■■^rp. 


27 


to  one  of  the  least  considc.al.lc.  He  iliat  is  not  stiimilalcl  l,v  i!„s  .,.usi,l 
rration  does  not  deserve  to  |,c  a  niend.er  of  this  com  muni  I  v.'  Wo  have  it 
in.t  at  this  hour  m  ,un  power  to  nmKe  peace:  it  is  l,y  sleadine,,  ami  hy 
ewilion  that  we  are  to  get  into  a  posili.m  lo  cflecl  it  ;  and,  uiil,  Mu-  as,i,'- 
tancc  of  Divine  I'rovidcnec,  I  am  conhdcnt  we  sluiil  liiid  oar  enemies  forced 
to  hiiik  for  that  Idessiiig.'  " 

it  is  a  -real  pity  lliat  so  wise  and  jtist  a  km-  did  i„,|  hul,]  ,„it 
a  little  loiiocr  to  protect  those  who  paid,  or  were  williii-  to  p.iv, 
•■  liie  last  I'lil!  iiieastii-e  ot devotion  "  i,,  hini  and  their . omiiion  ( ,,tin- 
tiy.  When  (hat  kin-  and  country  abandoned  ilie  loyal  Aineru  ans 
or  failed  ade.|iiately  to  |)rotect  their  ri-hts  or  to  pro\idea  leinedy 
l>y  solemn  ti-eaty,  they  were  waiitin-  to  the  national  honor  and 
j;tiilty  ol  an  ingratitude  whicJi  (an  lind  lew  parallels, 

Oh,  that  Ceorge  I II.  had  fdt  like  \ii(lhistthira,  when  Indi.i  in 
vited  him  to  ascend  with  hint  .done,  in  hisdiarioi.  to  elernal  lilis.s: 

'•Let  Diy  hrrl/u-rs,  -,.'ho  yoiuln  lie  Julicii,  ,,>  re////  mc: 
Xot  fVfii  thy  h,\>7f)t  u'oiih/  !  ciitn:  i;  tl„-y  r,r;v  not  thercr 

Nor  will  he  lea\e  hi>  laithful  do-  behind  : 

•  I'o  ahandon  the  faithful  an,l  devoted   i,,  an   eudks.  crime,  like  ihe  iiunde, 

o(  a  lirahmin  ; 
Never,  iheiefore,  come  weal  or  woe,    will  1  al.aiidnu  von  laidiful  d...;. 
\on  poorcrealuie,  in  fear  and    dis|ie^>,  lialh  Musled  in  my  power  to  .s.ivc  it  ; 
Nnl,  Iheiefore,  for  e'en  life  iiself,will  I  break  my  plighte.i  word. 

"  Mortals  when  they  are  dead,  are  dead   lo  love  or  iiale~s,,  runs  the  woild'. 

belief; 
I  c.nihl  nol    lirint;  ihem  hack  lo  lilr,  I  ul  wliilc  ihcy  lived    I    never  left  llicm. 
/■-'  .'//';v>.r  the  uitpliant,  to  kill  a  wile,  to  roh  a  Ihahmin,  ami  lo  hcirayouu\ 

friend. 

These  are  the  Join- -re.it  eiiiiies;  and  lo  forsake  a  dependent  I  count  equal  to 
them." 

Lord  C'ornwallis  was  never  disloyal  to  the  loyal  element  wIkj 
dared  lo  assert  itself  in  arms  or  as  men. 

"  Hurmg  the  early  jiart  of  die  period  j  1703  1  7S.)  |  undri  review,  minis- 
try succeeded  ministry,  each  worse  or  feebler  than  ihe  l.i-l.  When  <  halham 
was  at  length  prevailed  upon  to  take  ollice,  hi-,  -ervices  were  no  hjnger  of 
value.     liodily  illness,   inenl.d   debilitv,  iiiexiiicable  relations  with   factious 


V  » 


28 


st.iU'>iucn,  cidiul  ui'iiM  rliiiul,  nlisciiud  llic  t;u.il  liiiiHiKiiy,  .iiiil  II  u;is  Hilly 
after  lie  I'cased  In  lu'  ic^poiisililf  Ini  ilu'  L;iivciimicul  «[  llio  iciimti)'  ili.il  Ills 
cciiiMM'ls  wtTL'  oiiLC  iiinic  liciinl  l«>  any  eHctl.  'Vmt  l.ilc,  iiuk'cd,  in  he  .iv.-iil- 
aMo  While  ihf  tjnvenuueiil  was  in  a  slato  iif  ilians  iIr'  irn'|iaralili'  nicasiiie 
ji.iil  ln'iii  laUiii.  A  luasU'i-niiiul  alcnic  coiiM  liavc  stnic  K  inil  a  wise  aiul  ye\ 
ili|j;nilic(l  imlii-y,  wliicli  inii;lil  liave  |irevi-nlL'(l  llio  i|iiairi.'l  with  tlu;  Aniciitan 
idlonics ;  hut  where  was  siuli  a  niiiiil  In  Ik-  fniinil?  It  was  uihler  ('IuiIIkuii' s 
,'',t'ii  ailniitiislialipii — he  liiiiisill'  intapaeilaleil,  I  </  'loldiii;^  thi'  ifitis  0/  /•incci  — 
that  one  <if  the  cliiel' steps  in  their  alienation  had  lioen  niaile.  As  (  lU'iivillc's 
Stamp  Aet  had  been  the  lirsl  of  these  steps,  so  ( 'liailes  'i'liw  iisluiid'-  iiieasiiie 
for  taxini;  Aineiieau  imports  was  the  seeoiid.  It  oiiU  remained  lor  the  lory 
Lord  North  to  aild  the  eoping-sione  to  the  doomed  lalirie  of  the  whiles,  by 
retainin;;  the  duty  on  lea  when  all  other  tasation  had  In  en  at  leni;lh  re 
pealed.  Then  eame  ihe  iinappeasaMe  resislance,  llie  Imrst  (d  pent-\ip, 
furious  passion  on  holh  sides,  the  Idiiiiders  and  coiifiisioii,  Ihe  honors  ol 
civil  war,  the  failure  of  the  mother  country,  the  eaj;er  .dliaiice  of  I'laiiee, 
Spain,  and  Holland  with  the  levolted  coloiiii--,  the  slorin  r.ii^in;^  on  e\  cry 
side,  Scotland  and  Ireland  in  a  dani;erous  slate,  ihe  Ndrlhern  Powers  ol 
Europe  formim;  an  "arnv  d  neurality  "  ai,'aiiis|  ihe  olmoxious  iiav.il  power 
wliieli  -eeiiied  to  lie  at  its  last  j;asp  ;  and  then,  at  the  end  of  another  seven 
years'  war,  the  independence  of  ihe  United  States,  /iiit  a/oiii;  -vith  il. 
li'nvii.;/!  lilt-  ;i,-/i>ri,-y-  11/  y\\;/iin  ,;«,/  o'lf  dftoice  <■/'  Cihraltar — r/.r,  and  thr 
i^allanl  hiirin^  0/  t/ie  iiwihinli — came  also  the  i^lorious  •wlrica/ion  ,'f  (Ileal 
Uritaii!  from  her  /'erUoii^  po.dlii'u."  *  *  ■*  * 

"  Hut,  when  the  swiud  was  (Uiee  diawn,  11  was  a  difiereiit  thiiif;.  Inde- 
pendence presented  itself  as  somelliini;  which  il  was  a  dulv  at  all  costs  to 
prevent.  Xc  inherent  ri^i^ht  -ras  ever  claimed  for  it  :  all  policy  seemed  to 
he  a^'ainsl  it.  '  .\  >niall  sl.Ue,'  said  the  Kiiii;  to  Lord  North,  'may  certainly 
sulisisi,  but  a  great  one,  moiilderini;,  cannot  get  into  an  inferior  situation, 
hut  must  he  .mnihilated.  H\  perseverance  ue  may  Iniiig  lliings  to  ,1  peace  ; 
hy  giving  up  the  game  we  .uc  dcslroying  ourselves  to  prevent  our  being  de- 
stroyed. Theccnmlry  has  a  right  to  have  the  siniggle  coni  inned  till  con- 
vinced il  is  ill  vain.'  Lord  Chatham  had  ireqiiently  said  as  iniuh.  The 
able  Lord  Slielburne,  alteru.irds  for  a  s|i,,rt  time  I'rinu'  Minister,  /o/towinx 
Chatham's  lead,  liad  gone  s,,  !;,,■  ;,s  lo  pronounce,  th.it  \\lien  America  became 
independent,  the  sun  of  l-jigjand  would  set.  Or,  l.ihe  a  modern  whig  writer, 
who.  lor  the  most  part,  blames  the  war  and  all  concerned  in  il,  111  unmeasured 
terms.  Mr.  .\lasscy  admits  that  'Kii^land  had  no  a!lernali;e,  :ohen  her  de- 
pendencies hrohe  into  reMlio,,,  hut  an  appeal  to  the  s-.oord.'  He  shoiced  that 
the  people  :ooiild  not  hare  allo-a'ed  the  Kin-  to  a- aid  the  issue.  '  The  7oar  had 
I'cen  popular  loith  all  classes:  When  the  country  at  last  perceived  that  it 
could  nol  con, pier,  and  was  onK  wasting  its  revenues,  ihcn  the  King,  dis- 
cerning Ihe  temper  of  il,,.  people,  reluelantly  gave  up  the  contest— not,  how- 
ever, till  Lranre  and  Spain  had  been  humbled— the  merit  of  which  '  obstinacy  ' 
Mr.  .Massey  does  not  admit. 


epi«< 


II 


29 


I 


" Xor  I'ug/it  wf  t,'  /<>>x<'t  ho 


hoiv  stivtii;  >„„,!  half  ,:fff,i,r.i  ihr  .iidy  ,./  ,uf 
fnrtinx  l/h'sr  loVAl  mrrnhfys  of  thf  colonirs-ni  ni.niy  Jlslrirls  ,i  fa^^rijul 
mi,w>i.y.  i„  sonu,  M-  „  timr,  ,;  M  \  p  ,i<  iiv--- ;,.//,.  relie.i  u;th  eiitin  anifidnice 
0)1  tii:^a:^i'meuls  -.•huh  /in,/  ahciys  I'een  ),;/;o,i,;/ ol  the  viost  sacrrd  ohli;^ation. 
Al  llip  vory  lcM>l,  wink'  |R-neiviMi;  ili;,t  ,,  .lnhTcnl  oii.liu  I  vv,,ul(l  have  been 
wi-f  ,111.1  p.iljlii-,  and  llml  foilicaiiuuc  ami  maj^iiaiiiniiiv  woiiM,  from  llic 
liist,  have  I.ecn  the  pn.por  allilu.lf  ,,f  tlu-  nalion.  we  aio'cfitamly  houii(i  t„ 
icmemiKT  li,,w  very  ^lailiially  tlir  lii;lii  ,1,iuikm1  cveu  ii|h,m  );rcat  miii(U, 
lidu  lillliMcaM.ii  lIuK-uasal  lii,l  I(.cx|hhi  ulial  aclually  (.aimed,  and  linw 
■  litticull  il  is  lo  draw  l,acl<  ulien  a  line  of  aeli..n  lia^  already  been  taken  up" 
''■■  *  »  *  «  *  *■*  * 

"  Hilt  \vr  may  iK.l  yet  di-iiii^s  tlic  iiuiiiientini,  i-Mies  of  tliis  Aiiienean 
IHiliey.  We  may  well  linger  over  llieiii.  Il  u.nild  lie  an  e\ai,'^'eiali(.n  lo  say 
llial  no  event  of  greater  magnitude  ever  liap|ieiud  in  modern  liistoiy  than 
llie  severanee  of  the  liritish  rare  into  luo  halve,,  hut  it  uoiild  not  he  tai 
h"ni  the  Irnth.  Let  iis,  then,  nieaMir<'  the  respoiisihilities  of  those  who 
l.ronj;hl  on  the  Ameriean  war  hy  the  prospects  th.'y  inii^ht  f.iirly  have  eiiler- 
lained  of  siucess.  Let  us  iie\t  lej^rard  the  i  on~e.pieiu;e>  of  their  failure,  and 
Ml  .-onehiile.  If  the  moliier  eounliy  was  lo  he  drained  of  lier  hlood  and 
treasure,  if  |iostcrily  was  to  he  ealled  on  to  |iay  the  debt,  then  to  a  sense  of 
the  error  of  the  pcdiey  niit^ht  well  he  addeii  the  reproach  of  reckless  cxpcndi- 
lure  in  a  hoptdess  cause.  Hurke,  indeed,  with  Ids  mat;niliceiit  piivilielie 
rhetoric,  labored  in  most  copious  sjieeches  to  prove  that  the  task  uas  utter- 
ly beyond  the  means  <if  his  country.  He  liiiiied  out  to  be  right  ;  but  it  was 
a  far  more  balanced  struggle  than  he  had  anticipated.  There  were  times 
when  all  but  the  most  courageous  of  the  colonists  had  lost  all  heart,  iiwiiifiits 
•t'hen  th,-  iiiiiinnid/  U'nxhin_i;t,-'ii  himsrlf  declared  that  nothing  could  have 
uned  the  c,ni.<e  /<iit  the  in  fatiiatioH  ot  the  /h-itish  com  man, /,■>>.  Ndi  uas 
the  desperate  nature  of  the  contest  less  fell  in  Knglaml.  Ihree  days  before 
the  news  arrived  of  C'orir.vallis'  surrender,  even  l''raiikliii  had  'iles|)aired  of 
seeing  the  war  linished  in  his  time.'  '/'/;,•  condu.t  of  the  loar  r,vM  ,/  tissue 
of  errors.  One  great  man  ii>  ,oiiniuind  of  the  F.nglish  forces  might  hare 
turned  the  scale.  A  i\odney  on  the  .1  aieiicin  cuisi,  or  cien  ,i  C,'rn-o,i!lis  in 
full  command  on  shore  might  w,  .7  h.ive  ,>7er-matched  H',ishingt, in, great  as 
he  7i'<i'.  and  Rochainbcau.  It  \^as,  no  doubt,  well  in  the  end  that  il  was  so; 
hut,  from  a  military  point  of  view,  there  u  ,is  no  intrinsic  absurdity  in  tlie 
attempt  to  ]ucserve  the  integrity  of  the  luupire." 

Very  seldom  have  sentences  nioiv  pi-egii.int  with  truth  Ijeeii 
inscribed  by  the  pen  (if  ;i  iihilosojiher. 

There  is  another  consideration  which  has  occurred  to  very 
few.  Canada,  wrenched  from  the  French  by  \\'ohe,  in  1759, 
througli  one  of  the  most  famous  battles  in  history,  on  the  plains 


of  AluMluun— ;)  I'.iltlf  (!('<  idi'd  hy  a  siiiplo   volley — Canada  (  aiiK' 
vi'tv  iioarlv  falling  into  ilic  h.nnU  df  thr  Aniorit  ans.   in  1775,  .nul 
was  savi'd  ()iil\  liv   a  Mnglr   ni, 111.  Sir  (iiiy    Caiicton,  Lord    Dm 
clu'SttT.     I'lMuci' had   lu'wr   f(nui\rn   iIk'  cooiicralidn   ol    Ni'w 


Vork   and  New    I'.ngl 


md  in   till'   (ai'tiitL'  nf   I.ouishnrL 

III 


ami  ihc 


|iri'\iiius  and  >ii(  i  (.'I'lhng  ni'wr-unduig    iKislilitk's.      I  Icr  .iIImiki 


with  the  Thirtc'c'ii  ( 


(iloni 


fs  was  not  diclatcd  l)v  lose  for  llii  111,  Imt 


bv  hatred  to  (Ircat    liritain.      \or  did   tin,' rcN'oltcd   rolonii's  lo\  c 
the  French  any  loo  well.  "I'omnion  interests  ol'len  make  strange 


nei 


l-fcll( 


■ranee  was  not   di>interesii'd  in  lu'r  assistam  i\  and 


she  east  sheep's  eyes  u|ion  Canada.  Washington,  although  hv 
no  nie.uis  an  ohjei  t  of  ador.ilion  to  hnalists.  was  a  le\  I'l  he.ided 
man.  lie  perteetly  >,iw  through  th.il  littk'  game.  I'',\en  if  he 
had  had  troojis  enough  tot  onlide  to  I.alayette.  he  was  too  politii 
to  strain  himself  to  iiro\ide  them  for  an  attempted  coiKiue^t  of 
Canada,  lie  was  afraid  that,  if  Canada  should  he  reeompiereil, 
France  might  claim  it  as  an  indemnity.  While  Carleton  ]ire 
side 


d  over  the  de>tinie>  of  the  present    Dominii 


m.  lie    was    alto- 


gether too  strong  a  man  to  fe.ir  an\  attempt  to  realize  ]ilans  or 
litDJects  simply  theoretical.  Ilaldimand  was  a  dilTereiil  perxui- 
He  did  not  possevs  the  strong  orgaiii/ation  of  Carleton  nor 
of  Cornwalhs,  luit.  like  Cliiilon.  I 
the  weight  ot  resiionsiliilitv 


le  w.is  nervous,  ami   san 


k   111 


Kler 


n 


e  was 


y,  ami  never  saw- or  rose  to  the  oet  .isioii. 
inolessioii.il    olfic  er.    honest,  triistw orthv.  Iiut  de- 


void ol  insight,   llesutfcredraids  when  he  ought  to  have  launched 
invasions,  and,  if  he  had  t'liriiished   .idecpiate    forces  to   Sir  John 


oliiisoii  ,ind  given  hmi   head   m  the   summer  of 


^duld  not  have  hein  ahlc  to  ruin  il 


i77<> 


Sulliv  an 


le  Si.\  .Nations.     This  vvaslint. 


invasion  of  ihc  Iro.piois  might  easilv  h.ive  I 

reverse. 

Had  Sir 


.Ml  t 


lat  was  iiecessarv  lor 


leeii  (onverled    into  a 


I  onlliant  success  was  men. 


loliii  Johnson   received    ic 


500  men   instead  ol   300, 


ami 


receiveil  them  111  time.  .Newtown,  instead  of  a  defeat,  might  have 


'..ri 


\ 


been  a  re])iilse  wliirli  woiildliavi- jiR'^jcrvid  the   Six    Nations   lor 
allies  as    eftieieiit   as  they  hail    jimved    in   liie    |iiv(  lmHiij;    wars 
between  i-'rance  and  i'lnt^iand.      1  he  same  reinaiks  are  still  more 
|iertinent  to  the  operations  ol  the  aiitunni  ol'the  siilisLM|U(iit  vear, 
17S0.      It    was   a    ^'olden   o|j|ioitunit\    lost.     Sir  jolm    lohnson, 
with  only  500  men,  came  very  near  re^torir.^  to  Si  hein^c  ladv   the 
iameiitaMe  but  honorable  ri'siioiisibility  ot   ,1  homier  post.     .\s  it 
was.  Sir  joini,   with   his  little  b.nid.  iiilln  ted  surh  a   blow  bv  his 
wholesale  destruction  of  tood  ,iiid  torage    that    he   partialU    par- 
alv/ed  Wasluiif^ton.      I  lis  inroads  oc  curred  at  tlie  \er\    time   that 
the  colonies    were   shocked   into   a   tremor  by    the    Arnold    plot. 
With  1500  men.  whites,  i^ood  troops.  Sir  John   mi^uht   ha\e  won 
incah  ulable  advantages.      W'h)'  were  they  not  furnished?    ilaldi- 
mand  was  awed  into  inai  tion  by  the  spectre  of  a  P'reni  h  attempt 
upon  the  \er)'  city    m   which    i    s|ieak,  and   the   more   important 
li.irbor  ot  Halifax.      Washington  played  upon  his  tears.     It  is\ery 
true  that  1  laldimand  had  some  cause  for  eoiu  em.  but   iu-.t  such 
(ir(umstances  afford  the  oi)portunity  for    gemus ;   )es,    for  high- 
cl.iss  executive  ability.  The  loyalist  stands  aghast  when  he  recalls 
how  (hances  were  thrown   away.      He    has   to    subsi  ribe   to  the 
bitter  conclusion  of  the  Meld  .".ushal  Duke  of  l'.erwi<k.  in   1693, 
when  he  saw   Louis  XI  \'.  throw  away   his  winnmg  hand  ami  tiie 
game,  at  the  Abbaye  dn   I'an-  or  de  I'lne,  7th  June,  and  subside 
into  the  humble  submission   of  the  (".ilvimst   whom  he  abhorred. 
••  Ciod  would  have  it  so  !" 

No!  France  was  not  to  regain  Canada.  The  influence  and 
swav  of  the  Latin  race  was  not  to  be  pernniled  |o  mtertere  willi 
the  solution  of  the  great  jiroblem  of  the  world  b\  the  .\i:glo- 
Saxon.  Nor  have  the  people  of  the  Hominion  any  cause  to  regret 
tliat  the\-  still  belong  to  the  mother  country.  .\  difterent  course 
ol  events  might  have  added  somewhat  to  their  m.Uerial  pros- 
jicritv.  but  not  to  their  actual  hap|iiness.      iliere  ar^  antagonisms 


!>•> 


wliicll  luivc  in  lie  iccoiuiK'il   liffoio  .my  cIosit  coniicctinii   with 
the  Unitfil  St;iti's  would  ln'  to  llK'ir  ;i(lv;nit:i^;i'.     'I'lieit.'  is  :i  pn  u 
irali/iiin  Ion  I'  in  tlu'  Doiiiiiiioii  ulii(h  holds  thi'  lialaiicr  nl 
'This,  with  a   hku   clrniriil  in  the  I'nitrd    Stati-s    in    (dii 


liar  ni'U 


IIOUtT. 


jun<  tion 


iniiiht  oicasion  a  catarlxsui.      It  is  all 


lor  tlu'  lii'st. 


,ct 


events  (k'Vflo] I.  'I  hf  salvation  of  lunnanit)  de|iiaids  upon  the 
close  Iralerni/ation  of  ilie  I'lnnlish  speakini;'  race,  those  whose 
lai\nuai;c  is  a  i)irthiiuht.  not  a  mere  aci|uiremeni. 

'I'lie  jierseculion  and  (lri\  ini;    tortli   of  the   Iluj;ueiU)ts   was   a 
)st  important  factor  in  tlu'  arrest  and  overturn  ot   e\er\  kind  o\ 


mi 


despotism  throui;liout  ever\  part  ol   the    worhl    which   wehome 


tiiem. 


he  nuslortimes  and  exiles  ol'the  lo\ahsts  ma\  ha 


\  e  lieeii 


eipially  inonienlcus  in  its  inlluence  upon  tlu'  pro<4ress  ol    the  Do- 
minion.    The  de\elo|iment  olhum.mity — its  happiness,  il.s  eleva- 


tion, its  lone — depends  uj 


)oii    ,1    s\steniol    checks   and    lialaiKes. 


and  it  is  pardouaMe  to  helievi',  and  exc  usable  to  declare,  that,  as 
rej^ards  the  welfare  of  the  Dominion,  the  ex|)ulsion    of  thi'   loval 
ists  from  the  tlurteen  colonies  and  their  arrival    in    the    provinces 
was  not  onl\  a  iiei cssitv.  hut  a  lilessinii. 


'I'he  experience  of  at^es,  as  exemplified  in  historv,  teac 


les  oiii- 


lesson,  if  it  fnrnislies  none  other;  that  the  onlv  revolut 


ions  w 


hidi 


iltimat 


eiy  su(  ceeil,  that   is,  ])erinanently   as   well  as  triumph, mlh 


ire  the  lilo( 


)^les^  and  i 


iienilul.  in  wliicll   the  <  iiiKpieriiii;  weapons 


are  ideas  and  not  material  arms.    Such  has  been  the  result  of  all  the 
great  political  revolutions  in    I'liiL^land,  as   .Macaiilav  elociuenth 


demoiistiated.     .M 


oblivious  that 


in,  finite  man,  whose  life  is  but  a 
111 


sp.in,  IS  ever 
with    iliiii   who  rules  111  eternitv  time  is  aiisoluteh 


)tl 


notlimu 


A  tl 


iniisand   \ears  wi 


th  11 


ini  are  as  one  dav,  and  oik 


(lav  as  a  th 


ous.iiKl  \ears. 


il 


IS  |ir(i|ilem   is  now   beinir  so 


Ive.l 


on 


this  continent,  and  the  -.olutioii  will  be  wonderhil.      If  we  li\e  on 
immort.tlly.  and  know,  it  will  be  manifest  that  all  the  rebellions  in 


tl 


le  wcirld,  with  their  (  rueltles  and  wnjie. 


:s,  were  hi 


pm  scrati  lies 


f 


„|,„„  ,1a'  rurk  which  riMiiiiiv.l  llir  ln,.l  ..f  tnioM  temper,  niiidnl  l.y 

tlu'   liaiul   ul    OinniiHitciiri'.    iii    ;u  ((.nl.m.  r    wilh    ill..'   "lesigii   of 
l-'.toriuil  W'isiloni; 

••  /F//('  oills  the  u'liihil,  slates  Hie  ttitntii  ,iny; 
il'/io  foinis  tlw  f'uilaiix  umi  vho  points  the  r.'./i'." 

\w\  now.  in  concluNii.n.  a  lov  wonls  n|  u,;uHnl  iv,  n..niri..n. 
1,  ,s  sai.l  that  in  nn  !an,una-c  l.i  '  ^ur  own  a.v  ihc.v  any  two  uunls 
„t  smh  ron.pivhcnMvc  and  t-ui.  Inn,:;  M.^nilKan.  r  as  •■llearlh" 
^„„l..ll,,„.c."  One  .il  the  nio-,1  eXMni^il^' ^^''(^■'■^  "'■"'•  l'"'^"'':-^'- 
llu'Cnunless  Dnra  .l'hlna,.UN>'llsvMlh  tlie  inlm^'M  Uvim-  ..n 
..(he  palernal  hearth,"  which  Waslini.^lnn  Iiaiu^  Msle>"tlie 
\-a\\\\\vi  lilaee  ol' the  ariectinns  ;" 

■11. .Ml,:    liapp)   \^"i'i,  .K-.ii   i:i,-laiur.aiuK'iU  ^na^l. 

■j'hou  >,tii)iiycsl  casllt'  oil  lur  ^fa-uiri  i^^":>>i. 

Thou  full  fair  »<i»i,-  jor  ,,'m/,-i-t,  hre  aiidust, 

llavL'ii  of  rcfu-e  fouiul,  an.l  [icace  pos^L'^t." 

Ves.  MIoMK  :  ■'  the  l)e.t  ..t  l':n;Ji>h  unnls  ;  the  .lear  MUiml 
lor  the'dearer  sense:     the    tender.    hearl-Mnnn,.   .\n,i..-Saxon 

.■Humk; n'lK'lrsomr,  holy  thon'^ht   „n,l   tlin,'-   (nl.l.    Ininhle 

Saxon  expression  this)  actualit)'. 

.•The  sensations  nl  jos  teh  on  approarhin;.  the  home  ol  a 
h,lnve,l  one  are  like  the  tw,h,ht  ol  a  n,orn,n^  helnre  the  sun  has 

heconie  visible.'' 

SurlK  in  decree,  must  be  the  leehn^,  m.ae  or  less  tender, 
,„  ih.  deseendanl  who  visits  the  .rene.  thai,  nianv  years  a^o. 
environed  a  t^randt^ther.  relatives  and  inuuls-seenes    ol    iheir 

reiu-e  during  their  martyrdom  Uu'  loyalty. 

in  approaehin,  this  proviiue  the  romentrated  srion  ofloyal 

,sts  eannot  teel  that  he  is  landm,  upon  the  shore  ol  a  U.rei.n 
,,„„„,.  „,„,  notbeana.tual  dra.m^  near  to  the  tanuh 
licaith.  nor  a  reception  imo  the  lam.K  llMine.  but  it  ver>  neaih 
iv.lixes  the  leelin,.     Our  lorelatheis  helped  to  hew  vist.rs  into  the 


w.Merness   of  .   ..ntury   sine.  ,o  1.,    ,„   n,,„   ,,„,    ,,^^^    ^^,,,, 

a«.lK>u,lulK.r.loM.en.Iant.  after  so  „,a„vde..,les.„.n^^^^ 
;*-n.Iernessl.,o.sc,minKas,lu-ros.',t,ss..nehnst^^^^^^ 
.mag.natu,n  ,o  .nnceive  that  a  a,„x.suua„v.  of  1.,.,  races  hears 

-  the  hospaahle  .onls  that  ,ree,  h.nuh.  echoes  of  then- axes  an.| 

'"'•;'"  ^^■^■'™  '•-■'''''■■'-  '-K  ,ne  , en.,  uarnuh  of  the.r 
camp-fires  after  the  ,ra^a,i  of  ,1k.  journey 


GOD  SAVF   THE    PRES,DENT-GOD  SAVE   THF.QUt^N. 


I  'llr    lllliulicl    yi'ais   ,iiv    (led  : 
\  Kl.w,  aiKl   v;ui.jiiislii,|   ,|,,|,'| 

I  licy  sitc-p   •.fiiiK'  : 
^111,    (iiicc  ;iMiiiili'r    iviit, 
l-ilt   now  .,iir  luiiikMN  l.lrni  ; 
'i'"l  -^avc  iIr.   |'ifsi,li.|||  : 

CmmI    slVf    iIr.    (JiiLVM  I 

^l"'<'cll,    lilnTly,    Mild    Gnd  — 
U  nil  ci-iisfit.iice  cltMii  — 

l-il'l   ihcii  our  haniUTs  hk.,,,  . 

'■'"'  -■ivi'  thu  (^)iu.c.|,  ' 

Wlici,   w,,iin(lc(l   lay  it,  chief. 
\'"1   prostrate  i,,   it,  ,^,ri^.f 
'i'liis  land  was  scfii— 
\Vluu   low  „„   li^rluni,,^,  ,,,„  , 
'i/t  Hull  our  iHiiin.rs  /./,■„,  ■ 
'""'   ^.ivr  llu-   I'lvsid,.,,,  . 

^■"    '""•'   'l'^'  ^"..rcd  Wiaii, 

/''/'■s,'  lands  hfhwni 
l'>'h   Ulh  hU  jam.-  cont,,,, 
'■I"  'n.^h  our  h„n„.r..   /,/,„/  . 
''""  ^-^^i--  nil.   l-K..;sn,KNi  ;' 

<l0I,    SAM,     I  UK    (,H  |,K.N   I 


■S.  S.  Cl 


11  IN'.,    IJ.I). 


,^*. 


35 


APPENDIX. 


— "  still,    kcllMI    ill-    l.lU  . 

I  null   i.lll•^l^  tUf,    il,iikm>»s,  .tiiil  prevails  c'li   l.,,-<;lioo(l." 

C.KitssKT,      I  r.ui-l.iK'il  I'V  II,      l.lriul.  .il  wiiii  Moiitci.niieii^  juK-m. 

"How  lilind,  fiiml  man,  1m  lijllii  ilo    nii-iU.il  <ty>   '. 
riiy  wisilnin,  folly  ;  ami  lliy  initli,  a  lie!" 

I'AsSd  I  1   ■llvl.U.-.l    l'\     II 

"  I'iikle  .!»  /ipliyi,  i>  ■>  iPCDiilc'i  favr; 

Wild   llieir  .ipiilaiHC',  and  liantir   i-.  iheir  iiuMiir; 
Krr  yi'ii  <'an  >ay  il   i^  ;  ludicild.  il   i^  i"'t.  ' 

1)1  IRI-S.-,  \.        I  l,llld.cl.  d   l-v   II 

— ■'  World,  wiirld,  O  world, 
B,i(   ih.it   ihv  ilriiHtrf  niiitatioMS  make  if.  Ii.ilc   ilui-1 

Shakkm  I-AKI-.     "hi".';  /'■'!•■ 

\n1K  tlr  par.  1 1.,  p-  '•• 
Inloakiif,;  „vtT  llii'  wiitnnf  etiltllf.l,  "  !■  oolpi nil.  m,  liuul.iii^  in  llu' 
Karly  History  of  New  Hniii.uicU,  (  aii.uhi.'  and  .  nmiiaiiiiii  the  luuiic-  ol 
pn-nuiiei.t  sctllL-rs  thciv,  will,  ilu  l.i...ia|diuMl  -U'Ulu..,  .vinci.,^  Midi  if- 
.caivli,  ill  l,orctu,.\''S;.l.iiu.'s  AiiiciiiMii  I  „> aliM ."  H  w.mlil  se.ni  as  ,f  a 
verv  laiK.  portio,.  ..I  ilie  li.M  lil.-,l  ,d  iIh  lliiruui  ro|..,i,cs,  es,..f,all.v  nl 
Se«  Voik  att.l  New  Icr.cN.ua.  pouiol  luh.  tli.  r.dd  clialico  of  111.  llini 
„ntamc.i  uilil.nu..,  of  Ne.  liniii.u  ifk.  >o  ni,ni>  of  llic  urit;inal  >cl.le,s 
of  pafticulaf.li.tticls  of  Caiiatia  u.tc  Aiik.umh  K.ali.N  ll.at,  when  a  dc- 
scendant  of  o.ie  of  these  enters  an  as.eiiiMv  ol  Hu^  i.piv.eiu.tive  niei.  ol 
A.mlo-Saxon  descent  in  the  Don.inioti.  cipeciJiy  New  IJ.iinswick,  m  many 
cases  he  n.iL'hl  al.soh.telv  ctitertain  Uic  feclint,'  that  he  was  tnore  at  huitie 
.moti.  them  than  anii.l  a'like  nuinlH-r  of  ,,.-tM.ii,  lu.hltiii;  .oveniincn.  poM- 
tionsand  exercisin,-  political  inllnccc  in  liu-  place  ulu-rc  lie  was  burn,  m 
the  Midilic  States,  certainly  in  New  VoiU. 

There  were  onlv  two  of  the  -I'lnrteen  l  olonies  that  were  tebel  U,  K 
core  in  .776,  an-l,  s,;an,e  ,0  s,iv,  m  these- Massachusetts  an  X  -^^^^^ 
people  were  actualed  by  the  mns,  opposite  niotivcs  i  he  fonn  .  .a,«e  1 
I  pLon  of  the  adioinin,  easten,  states  with  her,  '"''  --';'. '";^';,  ^  :^i 
St  on,  mitioritv  uere  loyal  ;  the  latter  took  n,.  arms  with  a  ' ;/'-  '"s-  ^'" 
save  Kin,  (,eor,e  ami  damn  his  adwscis"  and  aUo  the  ."•'-•'  "^ -7'  ; 
Sir  lohn  Lamb's  opinion  of  the  IMntans,  early  m  the  reiR.rol  Cha  Its  Is 
wor  hy  of  attention' :   •'  They  seemed  to  the  world  .0  be  snch  sort  o.   persons 


V 


\ 


no 


as  would  not  swear,  be  yuilly  of  fornication,  nor  drink  ;  I'lt)  that  they  'ivould 
c'-.i'h  (Jihl  (/rr./rv;  llial  lliev  \vo\dd  fi'i|iu'nlly  hear  two  sermons  a  day,  and 
repeat  llie  ^anu'  aijain  iiui.  and  afieiwards  inay,  and  sdnietinies  fast  all  day 
long."  New  Nork  ami  Pennsylvania  were  for  the  King;  New  Jersey  was 
divided  ;  likewise  Maryland,  North  and  South  Carolina:  althon},di  (;eorj;ia 
followed  in  some  degree  llie  ailjoining  eolony,  it  wa-<  sii  down  a>  loyal.  "  In 
17S2  *  *  the  Georgia  loyalists  offered  to  the  King's  general  to 
preserve  the  province  for  his  Majesty,  if  he  wouhl  leave  them  a  single  regi- 
ment of  foot,  and  the  'Georgia  Rangers,'  to  assist  them."  If  the  Hriti>h 
had  landed  in  foree  at  first  in  New  ^'ork,  there  would  have  been  no  trouble 
there.  Leader^  and  led  were  eipially  preparei!  to  shout  "God  save  the 
King"  or  "  Hurrah  for  Independence" — to  worship  ( lod  or  devil.  If  (.'han- 
ccllor  Livingston — one  of  the  two  great  gods  of  the  democracy  of  the  Mmpire 
State,  and  represenlalivc^  in  liron/e  in  the  national  X'alhalla — had  any  hand 
in  influencing  or  preparing  or  engineering  the  "Declaration  of  Independ- 
ence," as  claimed,  whv  did  he  not  sign  it  ?  'I'lierc  were  jilenty  of  acting 
jHililical  riddles  and  trimmers  at  this  time.  Where,  for  instance,  is  Hickin- 
son  t(.  be  placed  ? 

Sir  William  Howe  disgusted  the  loyal  gentry,  who  wen;  lo  him  in  a 
body  and  oflered  to  disarm  the  disaffected,  bv  refusing  their  >erviccs.  Gen. 
Greene  and  Ghief  Justice  Marshall  admitted  that  the  mutual  massacres  of 
lnya!i-l>  and  whig.-,  threatened  to  ilcpopulate  the  country,  and  Sabine  adds, 
"Whatever  the  guilt  of  the  lories,  the  wliigs  disgraced  the  cause  and  the 
.\nierican  name."  In  many  eases  the  loyalists  were  massacred,  assassinated 
or  murdered,  as  if  they  hail  been  beyond  the  ])ale  of  humanity,  or  as  if  to 
hold  an  independent  opinion  exposed  them  to  the  fate  of  the  Union  prisoner 
who  crossed  the  fatal  "  dead-lin<:"  of  the  rebel  "  Ulack  lljle"  at  .\nderson- 
vilie.  Hut  how  could  a  loyalist  expect  any  mcrcv  from  a  part)  whose  con- 
duct to  the  heli)less  Indians  has  called  forth  a  chorus  of  execration  from  their 
own  eulogists  and  histori,\ns  ;  so  nnieli  so  that  Judge  Walker,  in  liis  address 
to  the  "  N'oung  Men's  (  hristian  As,(n.iation,"  in  Detroit,  2()lli  March,  1S71, 
-tignuiti/es  the  massacre  of  the  .Moravian  Indians  as  one  of  the  "co'd- 
blooded,  cowardly  acts  of  murderous  revenge,  which  have  left  a  dark  and 
indellible  slain  upcni  (Uir  annals,  that  we  may  not  re.ul  \\ithout  indignant 
and  burning  shame." 

closiii;;  this  note  the  pen  is  compeHed   to  record  an  observation  tl  at 


in 


woulil   lead  a  calm  un 


prejudi 


iceil  philo-opher  to  entertain   the  oiv 


that 


self-interest  entered  into  the  calculations  of  the  mass  of  the  Whigs  in  the 
smallest  '•  n/ail"  transactions,  as  well  as  in  their  ",■,■//,>/,■.(,//■"  aspirations. 


l" 


le  'anti  re 


voluti 


if  Massachusetts  and    New  \'ork    fur- 


nished the  admiralty  and  ci 
Scotia,  Canada  and  the  Heri 
judges."  '['hi 
although  "  as  /ealc 


>n   I 


;rw   courts  ni 


N« 


1! 


ick.  Nova 


las   'vith   manv  of  theii    most  distinguislic( 


le  clergy   were  driven    into  exi 


but  manv  of  the   ph 


and  as  fearless  in  the  express. on  of  their  sentiments  as 


'f**. 


37 


'  toi-y  ministers'  mid  Mdiy  lianislcrs,'  «ere  allowt-d  id  rciiinin  ;"  lietaiise 
cnni  iiia\-  pass  as  steiliiij;  coin  wlicrc  llic  soul  alone  i>  concerned,  wliercns. 
Ilic  >ame  month  lliat  ntlcis  it  and  treason,  is  even  more  willingly  o|icn  to 
acce|)t  the  medicine  that  may  save  bodies  often  uorlhle^s. 

The  fact  is,  American  liistory  i:,  about  the  biggest  literary  luuniniggcry 
m  type,  in  mo^t  cases,  the  truth  in  it  very  much  resembles  a  minimum 
proportion  of  the  "  leaven,  which  "—according  to  the  gospel— "a  woman 
took  and  hid  in  three  measures  of  meal."  'I'licre  is  only  one  consolation  to 
be  derived  from  all  this.  'I'he  more  modern  jiersecutions  of  the  Huguenots, 
the  Dutch,  tlie  I'uritans,  the  Covenanters,  the  Loyalists,  inured  to  the  bene- 
lit  of  humanity  in  general,  and  these  cataclysms — while  they  resemble  the 
"Earthquake  of  Lisbon,"  or  the  "  Ma.ssacre  of  Scio,"  as  regards  the  victims- 
arc  nevertheless,  it  is  said,  in  one  case,  to  have  permanently  bettered  the 
capital  of  r(ntngal  by  its  shaking  up,  and,  in  the  other,  to  have  piomotcd 
the  amclicnatioii  of  the  op]nessed  throughout  the  East — Jieroic  remedies 
that  succeed  in  some  cases,  and  help  science,  but,  in  the  majority,  kill  the 
immediate  patient. 

Note  to  p.ir.  I.,  line  viii.,  p.  id,  .lud  par.  I.,  line  vii.,  p.  3;. 

"The  Anglo-Saxons,  like  all  the  Teutonic  race, have  been  distinguished 
by  jieculiar  manners  and  jiolitical  institutions.  I'ltcivili/ed  heathens,  they 
cultivated  to  the  highest  degree  the  virtues  of  \alor  and  love  of  liberty. 
Civilized  by  the  di\ine  light  of  Christianity,  they  became  as  remarkable  for 
love  of  justice  and  humanity.  In  war  they  were  governed  bv  the  examjile 
as  much  as  by  the  authority  of  their  [irinees,  and  in  peace  civil-union  v.-as 
maintained  by  the  indejiendent  authority  of  the  aristocracy  |the  rule  of  the 
best  I  and  the  jieoplc  in  their  several  <listricts.  In  their  characler,  manners 
and  local  administrations  were  laiil  the  true  foundations  of  a  limited  con- 
stitutional monarchy,  an  easy  anil  |)opular  government,  and  the  consequent 
loyalty  and  indejiendence  as  veil  of  the  nobility  as  of  the  |)eople.  It  is  un- 
necessary to  refer  to  Tacitus,  ;nul  other  authors,  to  establish  these  aneienl, 
and,  wc  hope,  still  surviving  attributcsof  the  English  |  .Anglo-Saxon  |  people." 

"  The  Auglo-.Saxon."    102. 

"But  we  m\Lst  clear  for  action  ;  law  must  buckle  on  to  justice,  trade 
to  honesty,  and  theology  to  religion;  we  must  pitch  overboard  whole  bales 
of  falsehood,  (piackery,  and  cant,  and  then  stand  fast  with  Cod  and  our 
right.  '/'/■'  l\e:^i\  /.i^r  li  Giv^r'  for  the  |execuli\e|  the  throne,  the  law  and 
the  people  !  [/.(■.,  ///<'  Ini,'  rKori.K,  not  the  rabble,  falsely  slyleil  a  i'eople, 
when  they  are  not|."  "The  .\nglo-Saxon."   64. 

"Indomitable  merit  of  the  Anglo-Saxon  mind  ! 
That  makes  a  man  inherit  the  glories  of  his  kind. 
That  scatters  all  around  him,  until  he  stands  sublime. 
With  nothing  to  confound  him,  the  conquerer  of  time  : — 


Ki 


! 


■HP 


38 


,*• 


(")  niiylilv  |,er^evcrance  !    O  coinnRo,  '•tein  ami  sloul  1 
Tlial  \vill>  and  woilo  a  cleaiaiict'  nf  every  ial)!)lc  rout. — 
That  laiiiuil  bioi;k  (icnial  ;iiiil  ^Liucc  allows  delay. 
Hul  vviii^  fioni  fvci\  irial  \w>w  strenylh  fur  every  day, — 
Anlayiini^tii- |H)wev  !    1  prai'-e,— lor  praise,  I  can, — 
'I'lie  Ciod.  llie  |ilare,  llie  Imiir  tlial  uiake^  ,i  "/iin  a  MAN, — 
riie  God — from  ^^  h"iii  all  i;roatiie>s  •   ilie  place.  <  )lil  Kiinland'- 
The  hour,  an  hour  of  lateness  (for  lime  shall  soon  lie  o'en  : 

( '-,.■11  s  I .  I iii:iii-Sii.u'ii\  nii'llur  tiiid  frtitloiit's  i/uYlliiii^  /'linr  .'" 

"/■.iiii-^v"  "  The  Anglo-Saxon. 

"  \ Our  task  is  great  and  glorious, 
Lead  onwards  while  \ou  can. 
In  faith  and  love  victorious 
Lead  man  to  succour  man, — 
Strive  not  for  wrath  or  rivaliy. 
Or  ought  of  meaner  worth, 
Proclaim  a  holier  chivali). 
Cioodw'ill  and  peace  on  earlli. 
A  lliousand  and  four  hundred  — 
The  long  years  that  are  lied. 
Since  Angl()-Saxon>  phmden  d 
liy  pirate  chieftains  led  ; 
Now  strife  and  jdunder  ending, 
They  wander  fcntli  again, 
And  love  witli  courage  lileiuling. 
I'heir  chiefs  are  V'/'''''-'"''"  •'   ' 
". //;v/''-.V<M('W  ('liiil'/'iiiis,"  ■'  I'he  Anglo-Saxon." 


M.  M.-dlii.  in  lii^  account  of  ilie   ancieal  oisioin>  and  manners  ot  the 


Xn.th. 


An 


«!' 


Teulonsl,  tells  ii^  ili.u  the  immediate  intervention 


of  llie  hietv.  even  in   the  ^lighiesl   things, 
diictnncs.  and  that  ever\,  even  the  most 


was  one  of  their  most  estahlislied 
minute,  a]>pearance  of  nature  was 


inanifestation  of  the  will  of  heaven  to  (hose  wlio  uinlerslood  its  language 


The  Anglo-Saxor 


197. 


IN  \\ 


\itii-:  to  ii.ti.  1..  line  .\ii.,  \k  ju. 

1 1  li.is  .iliLii  lieen  alleged  by  I'rench  writers  th.il  the  Lniled  Stales 
have  been  and  are  ungrateful  to  !•' ranee.  <  nnccding,  lor  the  sake  of  ar- 
gument, thai  lliis  charge  is  true,  what  reasons  are  there,  in  reality,  for 
gratitude  lo  ihe  I''rench  r  lo  individuals  of  ihat  nation,  belonging  to  a 
generation  entirely  passed  away?  Nes  '  llul  to  the  French  people  ?  No! 
France  made  use  ol  the  Thirteen  C'ohuiies  lo  a\enge  centuries  of  defeats  and 
lossei  upon  (jreal    lirltain.      The  levoltcd  colonies  were  simply  implements. 


Il 


89 


Ami  it  was  not  to  benefit  them,  but   i(.  injure  the  mother  country,  thai 


France  ruined  lierself  linancial 


lured, 


and  evervtnin 


thi 


her  navy  destroyed,  her  colonies  ca 


hill  I 


iird   to   the  i^ulf  which  swallowed  up  all 


lull    her  worst  elenienls  within  the  decade  which  followed  the  iiideiiendent 


i\   till 


e  ccdoiiies.     Ai;ain,  to  whom  is  luiy  debt  of  gratitude,  France- 


par 


t  of  the-e    I'liiled   Stales, 


II  111  am,  the  liourboii  li 


ne,  wiucli. 


uiilim  a  lew  years  was  linyeii   lioni   the  Ihroiie  o 


fi( 


>(  I 


ranee 


to  L'i 


sters  and  surroundings,  all  of  whom   perished,  miser 


ablv 


X\  I. 

under 


aiiit  Ills  mini 

ilie  iiu'yilable  democratic  lu  demolishing  impulse  i;i\eii  bv  llie  victory  nf  llu- 
American  Kevt)lulion,  brought  about  through  ihe  very  success  of  those,  vvliu. 
in  turn,  became  llie  \iitims  of  a  iiopulai  freu/\  by  which,  at  the  lirsi,  ihe\ 
were  ilriveii  to  intervene  in  a  mallei,  in  realiu,  fureigii  lo  llieir  iiileiesis  ;  b\ 
hereditary  jealous)  and  hatred  of  Kngland  ;  and  bv  a  ihir-l  fir  vengeance. 
Ill  which  tiod  has  always  denied  to  France  ihe  gratillcalinn. 

"We  aiiproach  imw  an  interesting  periuti,  when  tlie  unw.iry  imln  y  I'l"  Li-uiin  W  I. 
M'wed  the  seeds  o(  iiis  own  ilestniction.  He  diil  not  perceive,  that  liy  treacherously  ex- 
citing ;ui  inigratefnl  i.hilcl  tu  throw  off  ali  allegiance  to  her  tender  and  fostering  parent, 
that  he  was  steeling  the  heart  of  France  against  every  tie  nf  aflectinn  and  duty.  I'M-  it  w.i- 
ti>'  no  means  from  any  regard  lo  the  liberties  of  niankinil  that  l.itiiis  unslieathcd  thr 
sword  in  the  cause  of  illiheral  America  ;  hut  for  the  pernicious  !o\e  of  iini\ersal  doinininn 
The  slavery  of  the  hiunau  r.ice  has  licen  always  the  darling  aim  of  insidious  I' ranee.  This 
is  still  the  case.  Her  monarchy  would  forineriy  have  liuiind  mankiiul  iii  ..ords  of  silk  ;  hei 
anarihy  would  now  fetter  them  in  ih.uiis  mI"  iron,"  "  llistnry  of  the  K  ■■>',  and  'Ihrcatenril 
Invasions  of  Kngl.uid,"  Ac.     1704. 

"  The  massacred  l.ouis  \\1.,  speaking  of  the  p.irl  he  t""k  in  the  cmuest  lieiwcen  Imu- 
laiid  and  America,  said  to  M.  Ilertr.ind  de  Mnlleville,  '/>i  t/i,tt  I'lisiness  my  ministers  ,i,- 
.  eived  my  youth  :  hut  since  that  nothing  has  gone  on  well  in  Kratue  ;  .ill  we  h:ive  sniVered 
has  heen  owing  to  it.'  " — Shward's  "A'/o^Tii/t/d'nwn,"  I  .  -'2^-'  . 

The  revolutionary  governments  which  succeeded  I  ouis  .\\  I.  were  an\- 
thing  but  just  or  courteous  lo  the  United  Slates.*  fhe  ambassadois  of  the  lai- 
lerwere  at  first  treated  with  an  arrogance  very  seldom  exhibited  bycivili/i'd 
administrations  toward  the  represenlalives  of  a  respectable  nation,  ami  the 
Americans  came  very  near  Inning  to  go  to  war  lo  redress  iheir  grievances. 
and  hostilities  did  occur  u|)on  the  ocean,  glorimis  for  the  iufanl  national 
navy.  Finally,  if  France  conferred  such  an  inestimable  beiielit  upon  the 
Thirlceii  ( 'iiliuiics  by  insuring  ibeii  luilependciicc.  ilu'  debl  was  repaid  in  a 
similar  way,  because  I  he  ideas  inibibcd  b\  llic  |-'reiicli  ulliccrs  and  snldiers  ni 
this  country,  carried  home  and  disseminaled,  were  ilie  gcrnis  uliicii  lo.ik  nini. 

*  •'  How  lomplelely  the  JMen.h  disilain  even  the  le.isl  .ippe.irame  ..f  .itlentioii  to  coin- 
111011  notions  of  justice  and  of  eipiity,  the  following  ,|not.ition  fmni  C'iti/eii  1  .enet's  LKdnion.i 
I  harles  llenest,  French  minister  to  I  .  ^.  A.]  •  Declaration  to  the  Americans.'  published  in 
.»  panuihlet  written  hy  the  intelligent  .ind  virtiums  representative  of  his  country  1 1 '.real 
Hritain],  Mr.  Harper,  will  forcibly  evince  :  '  1  llienet]  th.mk  tiod  I  have  long  since  l,.r,4ni . 
ten  what  is  contained  in  the  worm-eaten  vohunes  nf  V.uel.  1  oMiin-  .ui'l  I'lillendorl  Sie.- 
•Observations  on  the  Dispute  between  the  fiiii.-.l  Si.ins  iiid  I  r.oi' ••.  >  ■  i  |i.i"i|ilii't 
which  at  this  time  should  be  translated  into  eM-r>  Fiir.riMii  .md  Am.ui.  I.iii.;ii,ii;.-.  .01, 1  pe- 
ru..ed  hy  every  individual  who  has  the  least  regard  f..r  hi.  Iiinriv.  his  pi,,p,-rtv  ■«  his  hfe. 

•       >BUAHl>'s  ■•/.■/ci'>a//".wi.i.'     1.,  i-^. 


y- 


^^ 


nan 


40 


sprouted,  yicw  and  matured  witli  astonishing  rapidity  and  fruited  in  the 
French  Revohition.  'I'hat,  in  turn,  emantipaled  the  .nasscs  of  llie  l''rench 
people  from  the  abuses  of  centuries.  If  lil)crty,  according  to  the  popular 
conception  of  it,  was  due  on  this  sidi!  of  the  Atlantic  to  l'"rench  assistance, — 
liberty,  as  far  as  regards  relief  from  a  greater  oppression  in  the  old  world, 
is  attriluitablc  to  the  revolt  of  the  colonies  against  a  government  many, 
many  times  more  benevolent  ihan  that  of  the  I'lcnch,  even  at  home.  Tlie 
balance  of  credit  is  on  the  American  side,  not  on  the  l-'rench.  Many  of  the 
leading  men  of  this  country  understood  the  mailer  thoroughly,  and  Colonel 
Laurens  expressed  it  very  clearly  when  he  told  Louis  W'l.  that,  if  he  did 
not  complete  the  work  he  had  undertaken,  and  help  out  the  colonies,  the 
latter  would  join  the  English  against  the  l-'rench.  This  did  not  look  very 
much  as  if  the  rellecting  .\mericans  felt  anything  like  an  oppressive  sense  of 
gratitude  for  what  the  l''rench  king  ha<l  done  or  was  doing.  They  knew 
very  well  that  France  was  helping  them,  not  from  any  disinterested  senti- 
ment in  their  favor,  but  simply  to  serve  her  own  ends.  If  dreat  Britain 
came  out  of  the  struggle  greater  and  more  glorious,  and  France  compara- 
tively ruined,  it  was  simply  because  the  latter  interfered  in  a  quarrel  with 
which  it  had  nothing  to  do,  and  the  success  of  the  colonies  established  no 
claim  for  gratitude  towards  France  in  the  light  of  subsequent  events.  The 
difficulty  or  misconception  of  all  this  is  due  to  the  fact  that,  as  far  as  philo- 
sophical considerations,  both  F'rance  and  the  United  States  are  superficial. 
If  the  masses  would  read  more  carefully  and  digest  more  sensibly  what  they 
can  read,  without  prejudging  the  case,  they  would  comprehend,  as  far  as 
evenlu;i'  benefits  are  conceniod,  that  the  l'"rench  owe  a  greater  debt  of  grati- 
tude to  the  I'riiteil  Slates  than  the  United  Slates  can  possibly  be  said  to  owe 
ti)  France. 

Note  lo  pur.  \'.,  line  xix.,  p.  3;;. 

"Wholesome,  holy  thought  and  rill.M;." 

Bulwer,  in  his  mighty  novel  "  Harold,"  lias  clcaily  elucidated  what  is 
meant  by  this  word,  "  ililNi;."  W-blia,  the  Thegn  of  Kent,  tells  the  Nor- 
num  knight  that  Godwin,  the  ///,/;/,  was  simply  dear  to  the  Saxon  peo|ile  be- 
cause he  seemed  to  uphold,  oi-  represent,  the  llllNc,  /.  ,■.,  the  IHf.A  which 
the)'  loved — Justice,  the  Laws  under  which  they  lived  and  throve,  aiul  their 
//('///,■  or  C,<iiiiln\  England,  menace<l  or  devoured  hv  strangers,  the  Normans. 


yliiil  i>l'  I'lihlii'  lUniix,  fi)n/inini/  f'riDii  niriiinl  luliji   i>f  fin)rr.) 


Imlv.  Mill'..  IfWI  ;  IIiinnil)al'«  Lii-I  (.'iim|)iiii,'n,  May  IHSl;  Infanlr.v,  I.,  .Imi','.  issi:  lufiuitry.  II., 
Alijr..  IHHl  :  Untile  (if  K'ltaw  Spritiiri'.  ITSl,  Sept..  IHHl  ;  Sir«c  of  Yorktowii,  1781,  .Nov.  1881; 
Iiifiiiilry  III,  April,  188:2;  Waterloo,  July,  1K83  ;  Viiidlciitioii  of  JaincH  llepbiirn,  Karl  of  Boih- 
wrll,  Si^pt..   1882,  Oct.  1882  ;     Fimn  the  Unpidaii   to  Appomattox  Court  House,  July.    lMH:i 

Sic't'estiiius  wliicll  laid  the  basin  for  the  prCM'Mt  adniirahle  Paid  Kire  Dcpartuieut  in  the  City  of  Ni'W 
Ynrk.  In  which,  as  well  as  in  the  Or^jnnizatiou  of  the  present  Munici|ml  Tolice  of  New  York 
(ill,  (icii.  do  Peynter  was  a  co-laborer  with  the  Hon.  J:is.  \V,  Oornrd,  aud  U.  W.  Matscll,  for 
which  latter  Departiueiit  he  caused  to  be  piepnred  ami  presented  a  Fire  Kscniie.  a  model  of  sim- 
plicity and  inestlmalile  utility.  Uepiiblished  in  the  AY/c  York  I/is/m'ical  Mu(/azine.  John  (i. 
Shea,  Editor  and  I'ldjirielor. 

The  I'earl  of  P<virls,  or  the  "  Wild  Hrunswiekor"  and  his  ••  (Jueen  i>r  Hearts"  :  a  novel,  founded  on 
fjicls,  lWi."i.-"Mary  .Stuart:  a  Study.  IKS',';  James  liephiirn.  Earl  of  Hothwell  :  a  Vindication. 
IH8',';  Hoihwell  and  Mary  Stunrt  :  an  Kiniuiry  and  a  Jiistillcatioii.  IHS:).— The  Life  and  Military 
Services  (if  Sir  John  J  >hnsoii.  Hart.    IKS'J. 

State  Sovereignty.  181)1.— T.il'e  and  Servi<'es  of  the  ureal  liussian  Kielil. Marshal  Suworrovv.  IRMi.— 
La  Koyale,  the  Grand  Hunt  L  "r  list  campaign  of  ilie  Army  of  ilie  Potoinnc  ].  Nos.  I.,  II..  III.. 
IV..  v..  VI.,  ISrd;  VII., 1873:  VIII..  1871. -Battles  of  FnMlericksliurLr.Chancelloi>\ll!e  and  Oct. 
tysburg,  in  Diiii'iiril.  a  monthly.  I8li!l-7o:  and  Gelly-l)urij  ami  Williainsport,  in  the  Sii/i/in:^' 
/••/;.»>/,  a  weekly,  1870.— Col.  J.  Watts  de  PeyBter,  Jr.,  U.  S.  V..  A  Threnody.  1874. -Sir  John 
John.^on,  Hart.  :  .An  .\ddresB  delivered  before  the  N.  V.  Historical  Socii'ly.  iiih  Jan.,  1880.  with 
two  voluminous  appendices  of  authorities. 

Centennial  i->K>..v.iie8  of  the  American  lievoliition,  which  appeared  in  the  N.  V.  Tiiiii'-;  and  especially  in 
the  N.  Y'.  Enninri  Mail,  iiiul  Mnil  and  Kximsn.  177li-8'.'.— Dcci-ive  ( ■ontlicts  of  the  lale  Civil  War  or 
"Slavehc'dcrs'  Kebelli<m"  :  I.  Shiloh,  Antietam.  .tc,  181)7;  II.  Murfreeshoroto  Chattaiioo:;a.  .tc, 
180!);  111.  Gettysburg,  1867;  IV,  Na>livil  e,  187li. -Biographical  notices  of  Major  (Jenerals  Philip 
Scliiiylcr— Address  delivered  before  ilie  ::  V.  Historical  Society,  2d  Jan.,  1877  :  Geo.  H.  Thomas, 
1  likewise  two  Addresses  delivered  im  tile  sanies -.bject  before  the  N.  V.  Historical  Society.  ,5tli  Jan. 
1875,  and  Jan.  1870  ;  aUo,  of  Biirnside,  Ciawfonl,  Ileinlzleman.  Honker,  llnniplireys.  Mi  \llister, 
Malione,  Meade.  Pleasanton.  Treraaine.  Ac,  &c. 

The  Rattles  of  Monmouth  and  Capture  of  Stony  Point  :  a  series  of  voluniinous  ami  e.\liaii.-li\e  articles 
published  in  the  MimiiKiiilh  /•:/!(/ niri-r.  N.  J..  l,S7it.— Gclaireiir  Cl'lie  i.  .\  Military  •loiirn.-il,  ediied 
1851-.-). 

History  of  the  Tliird  Corps,  Army  of  the  Poomac,  IStil-.").     This  title,  althoii^di  not  leclinii  iilly.  i>  vir 
tually  correct,  for  in  a  series  of  elaborate  articles  in  dailies,  weeklies,  montlilies.  nionou'i'aph>.  ad- 
dresses, Ac.,  cverytliing  relating'  to  i  his  Corps,  even  to  smallest  delails,  from  IMil  to  18i;.",  was  pre 
pared  with  care,  and  pnt  in  print.    These  articles  ai)pearcd  in  the   r;/;«i«.  and  the     '  is-ndiul  ' 
ItiiuiKl  Table,  In  Fo/ei/'n  Vuliiiilei'r.  and  So/i/irr<'  din/  Snildix' lliilf-lliine  Ta/i "  o/ t/i>  Idle  UthtUU-u. 
in  Mnyne  Reid's  mii;.'azine  Oniroiil, in  Clmphiin  Bourne's  Stildicrx'  Fiinnl,  in  L<(  /liii/al,  nr  (iidml 
ll'inl   for  Ihe  Last  Campaign]  of  the  Ariinj  of  tin-  rotmide.   from   Petersburg  lo  Apponiiilto.v 
Court  House,  April  S-'.t,  18().">,  illustrated  with  engiavcd  likenesses  of  several  of  the  preniineiit 
(lenerals  belonging  to  the  corps,  and  careful  maps  and  plans  :  in  the  life  of  Miijor  Geiienil  Philip 
Kearny;   In  the  Third  Corps  at  Gettysburg  ;  General  Sickles  vindicated    *       *    \i'l.  I.  Xos.  \i.. 
xii.,  xiii.  ;    The  Voliiiiliir  ;   in  a  spcecli  delivered  before  the  Tliird  Army  Corps  I'nion.  ."iili  May, 
187.");  profusely  illustrated  witii  portraits  of  Generals  who  commanded,  or  belonged  lo  that  or^'iini/a- 
ti  111,  &e.    These  arranged  and    condensed  would  constitute  a  work  of  live  or  six  volunirs  ■<»()., 
such  as  lliose  prepared  by  Prof.  John  W.  Drapi-r,   enlilled  the  ■'Civil  War  in  America."  hut  were 
never  given  as  lionnd  volumes  to  the  public,  because  the  expense  was  so  i;reat  that  ihe  .luihor, 
wlio  merely  writes  for  credit  and  amusement,  was  unwilling  to  assume  iho  ouilay.  in  .id.iitioN  to 
what  he  had  already  expended  on  the  purchase  of  niuliorities.  clerk  hire,  priiilini.',  Ac  .  A'\ 


-  <•  «.■  X-"--  -1.-T.- 


lo    UlG^l^IS 


/  /liti;/  t/ir  Ill/Ill /I  I  if  the  di/u/uerfd,  ir/m/fl/  In  the  bitttU  nj'  life — 

The  hiiiim  of  the  iconnded,  the  bcatfn,  irha  died  orerwhelmed  in  the  strife  ; 

Xot  the  jubilant  koiiij  of  the  riHovx,  for  whom  the  renouiidiiif/  declaim 

Of  tiiitionn  witu  lifted  in,  chorus,  lo/ione  brown  wore  the  ehaplet  of  fame — 

Jiut  the  h;/mn  of  the  low  w  d  the  humble,  the  weari/,  the  broken  in  heart, 

\['ho  .■<lroee  and  who  failed,  actiiKj  brare/i/  a,  xilent  and,  desperate  part  ; 

Whose  j/oiith  bore  no  Jtower  in  its  branches,  whose  hopes  burned  in  ashes  away. 

From  whose  hand  slip/ied  the  prize  the//  had  (/rasped  at,  who  stood  at  the  dying  of  day 

With  the  work  of  their  life  all  around  them,  unpitied,  unheeded,  alone. 

With  death  sicoo/tin;/  down  o'er  thiir  failure,  and  all  but  their  faith  ocerthrown. 

Whili  the  roice  of  the  world  sltiiut»  its  chorus,  its  jnean  for  those  who  hace  won — 

While  the  trumpet  is  soundimj  triuvi/)hant,  and  hii/h  lo  the  breeze  and  the  sun 

Gay  banners  are  wariny,  hands  claji/dni/.  and  hurryiny  feet 

Throni/iny  after  the  laurel-croirned  rictor.i — /  .•<tanil  on  the  field  of  defeat — 

In  the  shadow,  'monyst  those  who  are  fallen  and  wounded  and  di/iny — and  (here 

t'h'int  a  ret/uiem  low.  place  my  hand  on  their  pain-knotted  brows,  breathe  a  prayer. 

Iliilil  the  hand  that  ix  hapless,  and  whisper,  "  They  only  the  riclory  win 

Who  hare  fouylit  the  fptod  fiyht  and  hare  ranr/uished  the  demon  that  te,mpt.%  us  within  ; 

Who  hare  held  to  their  .faith  unsedvced,  by  the  prize  that  the  world  holds  on  high  : 

Who  hace  dared  for  a  high  cause  to  suffer,  re.n.it,  fight — if  need  be,  to  die" 

Sjiiak.  history.'     Who  ac  Hfe'.i  cictors?     Unroll  thy  long  annals  and  say — 
Are  they  those  whom  the  world  called  the  cictors.  who  won  the  success  o.f  the  day  * 
The  martyrs,  or  Nero?     The  S/iartans  who  fell  at  ThermopyUfs  tryst. 
Or  the  Persians  and  Xer.resf    His  judges  or  Socrates?    Pilate  or  Christ.' 

l'lli.<   hi'dlltifui    }'iii'll\    is   llll    W.    VV.    Sti>k\. 

tv   ichuff  iiif^iinaiifii   tiiiil  jiixlice  thif   Aildrvfn   if  ili'ili''int\t. 


I  t 


■  .-*»^-.-.;_,j,..w^v. 


